Angoliga
03-28-2017, 10:26 AM
After comparing a few kits with the Y-Utility tool (http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility111.html), I thought it'd be neat to observe contrasts in genetic distance between kits of different regions and use estimates of MRCA to infer possible connections to known historical events/periods within the last ~2000 years.
Not all kits had more than 12 markers tested so, to accommodate the most amount of kits from as many countries as possible, I did a wide low-run with 12 markers then narrowed down on those with 1 or 2 genetic distances (11/12, 10/12 matching-markers); the emphasis is on *possible distant connections outside the geological time-frame but within ~2000ybp.
*Disclaimer* Similarities within this time-frame cannot be confirmed without further testing of markers and signatures (BigY, YFull) but given most of these kits have yet to do so, including myself (hopefully until the next sale (father's day/Xmas :), I thought it’d be neat to observe patterns in different regions, infer some clusters and identify isolates.
http://i.imgur.com/YJoQg5x.png
Original Distribution Map courtesy of Passa (http://www.anthrogenica.com/showthread.php?7881-Distribution-map-of-Y-DNA-A)
Full List - Countries of Origin:
Countries #
SaudiArabia 16
Scotland 7
Ireland 5
Egypt 3
Kuwait 3
Chad 2
Ethiopia 2
Qatar 2
Turkey 2
Algeria 1
Cyprus 1
England 1
Italy 1
Kazakhstan 1
RussianFederation 1
Sudan 1
Tunisia 1
Uganda 1
UnitedArabEmirates 1
UnitedStates(NativeAmerican) 1
50 of the kits were taken from the Y-Haplogroup A Project (https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Haplogroup_A/default.aspx?section=yresults); only A-M13 kits (“A1b1b2b, M32+, M13+”, “A1b1b2b, Predicted”) and their subclades were selected. For the purpose of comparing kits from different regions, I excluded those with an unknown Country of Origin -- *kit #9F574 was an exception; I've listed it as Turkish for its very common Turkish surname, “Hüsnü”. The sequences for the other 5/55 kits were taken from ysearch.org
Results and some Highlights:
Isolates currently "Not Related" to any Kits ie. <9/12 Matching-Markers:
UAE_M8414_A-M13
Chad_310030_?
Tunisia_190050_?
Algeria_116157_?
It seems amazing to find this A-M13 tested UAE kit not considered a near match to any of the 16 Saudi, 2 Qatar or 3 Kuwaiti kits in the Gulf region. The same might be said within the North-African region for the Algerian, Chad and Tunisian kits.
Would these isolates just be a fragment of sequences found in source Nilotic populations where this haplogroup is found in abundance? Maybe it’s just a question of extremely low resolution from Central/East-Africa? Would these A-M13’s found in the gulf be relics of the East-African Arab Slave Trade/mirror A-M13’s found in the horn/or extended sojourns of Hadjis? (*I mention the latter with a bit of humour but this might have some merit) If not, could these unique sequences simply be due to ancient genetic drift?
12/12 Matching-Markers - "Related"
Qatar, Saudi Arabia
Ethiopia, Qatar
Sudan, Saudi Arabia
Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia
Cyprus, Turkey
These 12/12 matches either didn't have the same surname or didn't have a surname listed at all. Given their geographic proximity, these pairings by nation could have an easily justifiable relation in both modern and ancient times.
11/12 - Possibly Related
Kuwait, Saudi Arabia
Qatar, Saudi Arabia
Ethipoia, Saudi Arabia
Cyprus, Saudi Arabia
Turkey, Saudi Arabia
Russia, Saudi Arabia
Qatar, Egypt
Ethiopia, Egypt
Scotland, Kuwait
Turkey, Kuwait
Egypt, Saudi Arabia
Ireland, Saudi Arabia
Ireland, Russia
Kazhakstan, Turkey
Kuwait, Turkey
Russia, Scotland
I’d like to delve into these more in another post
10/12 - Possibly Related
Uganda, Italy (Sicilian)
Uganda, Qatar
Uganda, Saudi Arabia
Uganda, Sudan
Uganda, Ethiopia
Egypt, Cyprus
Egypt, Turkey
Kuwait, Cyprus
Ethiopia, Turkey
*Ethipoia, Ethiopia
I'm curious to know which Ethiopian signatures will turnout more common with Nilotic vs. Afro-Asiatic Speakers. The Beta-Israel are apparently 41% A-M13 (bottleneck?) – would this be from a much more ancient divergence than say the Kunama/Nara in Eritrea who also have a portion although much smaller estimated percentage (10%) of A-M13
Ironically, other than the Ugandan, the Italian (Sicilian) had no other 10/12 matches (Possibly Related or higher) of the 53 kits.
I’ll delve into some of the above in more detail. Some pairings had non-matching markers on Fast-Mutating STRs, moreover when the amount of matching markers are extended to 37 markers, an estimated MRCA has been shown well under 2000 ybp in some cases.
The results from the Y-Utility: Y-DNA Comparison Utility (http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility111.html) can be gathered by copying the sequences within the spoiler below and pasting them directly on the site under “Paste haplotype rows here (without marker headers)”. I’ve run the parameters with a 95% Probability, left the years at 30 and selected Generations in lieu of Years with the FTDNA mutation rate:
SaudiArabia_305873 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 30
SaudiArabia_M6821 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 31
SaudiArabia_M6976 A-M13 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 31
SaudiArabia_M6842 A-M13 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 31
SaudiArabia_200747 A-M13 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 31
Egypt_276991 ? 13 21 15 10 12 12 12 11 13 14 11 31
SaudiArabia_M7223 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 13 14 11 30
Italy_N61746 ? 13 22 15 10 11 12 12 11 11 14 11 31
SaudiArabia_M8036 A-SK239 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 11 13 12 30
UnitedArabEmirates_M8414 A-M13 14 21 16 9 12 13 12 11 12 13 11 30
SaudiArabia_M6242 A-M13 13 21 15 10 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 30
SaudiArabia_364310 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 14 11 31
Kuwait_265123 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Qatar_M8946 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 30
Ethiopia_B24057 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 30
SaudiArabia_164055 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 31
Qatar_309197 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 13 14 11 31
SaudiArabia_193294 ? 13 22 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 14 11 32
SaudiArabia_188314 ? 14 21 15 10 11 13 12 11 11 14 11 31
SaudiArabia_188886 ? 14 21 15 10 11 13 12 11 11 14 11 31
Egypt_N112073 A-PH1043 14 21 15 10 11 13 12 11 11 14 11 32
Egypt_310977 A-M32 15 21 15 10 12 13 12 11 12 13 11 31
Scotland_189478 A-BY16276 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 11 13 11 29
Scotland_151201 A-M13 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Scotland_N98559 A-BY16276 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Ireland_78856 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
UnitedStates(NativeAmerican)_172321 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Scotland_185471 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Ireland_72844 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Scotland_181873 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Scotland_339106 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
England_156037 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Ireland_48550 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Scotland_N80831 A-BY16271 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Ireland_N71582 A-BY16209 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Ireland_121019 A-BY16209 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 14 11 30
Turkey_176787 A-M13 13 20 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Kazakhstan_220522 ? 13 20 15 9 12 12 12 11 14 13 11 29
Chad_310030 ? 12 21 15 10 10 12 12 11 12 14 11 31
Tunisia_190050 ? 13 21 14 10 11 13 12 11 11 14 11 30
Chad_216345 ? 13 21 14 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 30
Kuwait_M8505 ? 13 21 15 10 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 30
RussianFederation_361561 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 14 11 32
Kuwait_427917 A-M13 13 21 15 9 12 13 12 11 13 13 11 30
SaudiArabia_213660 ? 13 21 17 10 11 12 12 11 13 14 11 31
SaudiArabia_376222 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 13 14 11 31
Uganda_410936 ? 13 22 15 9 12 12 12 11 11 14 11 31
Algeria_116157 ? 14 20 15 10 11 12 12 11 12 14 11 32
SaudiArabia_165650 ? 14 21 15 9 11 13 12 11 12 13 11 29
Sudan_MQFCV ? 13 22 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 14 11 32
Cyprus_Q9RH7 ? 13 21 15 9 12 13 12 11 12 13 11 31
Ethiopia_ZGHZ9 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 13 14 11 31
Turkey_9F574 ? 13 21 15 9 12 13 12 11 12 13 11 31
*if this doesn't work for you, I may have to put in a delimiter for an excel paste
The wording-convention for each kit is as follows: Country of Origin/Kit_ID/Tested Signature or HG -- if a kit hasn’t been fully tested (BigY) to confirm their Signature/HG, I’ve left the section with a question mark rather than the default A-M32. I did this not to confuse with an actual A-M32 tested kit on the A-Haplogroup Project (https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Haplogroup_A/) (310977, Egypt) which falls under a A1b1b2b, M32+, M13+ -- Perhaps someone can explain why a tested A-M32 was within a M13 cluster?
I’m also curious as to how a Scottish kit (Scotland_151201_A-M13), closely related to the Boyd cluster, has an A-M13 signature when the others are different (A-BY1627…)
Not all kits had more than 12 markers tested so, to accommodate the most amount of kits from as many countries as possible, I did a wide low-run with 12 markers then narrowed down on those with 1 or 2 genetic distances (11/12, 10/12 matching-markers); the emphasis is on *possible distant connections outside the geological time-frame but within ~2000ybp.
*Disclaimer* Similarities within this time-frame cannot be confirmed without further testing of markers and signatures (BigY, YFull) but given most of these kits have yet to do so, including myself (hopefully until the next sale (father's day/Xmas :), I thought it’d be neat to observe patterns in different regions, infer some clusters and identify isolates.
http://i.imgur.com/YJoQg5x.png
Original Distribution Map courtesy of Passa (http://www.anthrogenica.com/showthread.php?7881-Distribution-map-of-Y-DNA-A)
Full List - Countries of Origin:
Countries #
SaudiArabia 16
Scotland 7
Ireland 5
Egypt 3
Kuwait 3
Chad 2
Ethiopia 2
Qatar 2
Turkey 2
Algeria 1
Cyprus 1
England 1
Italy 1
Kazakhstan 1
RussianFederation 1
Sudan 1
Tunisia 1
Uganda 1
UnitedArabEmirates 1
UnitedStates(NativeAmerican) 1
50 of the kits were taken from the Y-Haplogroup A Project (https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Haplogroup_A/default.aspx?section=yresults); only A-M13 kits (“A1b1b2b, M32+, M13+”, “A1b1b2b, Predicted”) and their subclades were selected. For the purpose of comparing kits from different regions, I excluded those with an unknown Country of Origin -- *kit #9F574 was an exception; I've listed it as Turkish for its very common Turkish surname, “Hüsnü”. The sequences for the other 5/55 kits were taken from ysearch.org
Results and some Highlights:
Isolates currently "Not Related" to any Kits ie. <9/12 Matching-Markers:
UAE_M8414_A-M13
Chad_310030_?
Tunisia_190050_?
Algeria_116157_?
It seems amazing to find this A-M13 tested UAE kit not considered a near match to any of the 16 Saudi, 2 Qatar or 3 Kuwaiti kits in the Gulf region. The same might be said within the North-African region for the Algerian, Chad and Tunisian kits.
Would these isolates just be a fragment of sequences found in source Nilotic populations where this haplogroup is found in abundance? Maybe it’s just a question of extremely low resolution from Central/East-Africa? Would these A-M13’s found in the gulf be relics of the East-African Arab Slave Trade/mirror A-M13’s found in the horn/or extended sojourns of Hadjis? (*I mention the latter with a bit of humour but this might have some merit) If not, could these unique sequences simply be due to ancient genetic drift?
12/12 Matching-Markers - "Related"
Qatar, Saudi Arabia
Ethiopia, Qatar
Sudan, Saudi Arabia
Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia
Cyprus, Turkey
These 12/12 matches either didn't have the same surname or didn't have a surname listed at all. Given their geographic proximity, these pairings by nation could have an easily justifiable relation in both modern and ancient times.
11/12 - Possibly Related
Kuwait, Saudi Arabia
Qatar, Saudi Arabia
Ethipoia, Saudi Arabia
Cyprus, Saudi Arabia
Turkey, Saudi Arabia
Russia, Saudi Arabia
Qatar, Egypt
Ethiopia, Egypt
Scotland, Kuwait
Turkey, Kuwait
Egypt, Saudi Arabia
Ireland, Saudi Arabia
Ireland, Russia
Kazhakstan, Turkey
Kuwait, Turkey
Russia, Scotland
I’d like to delve into these more in another post
10/12 - Possibly Related
Uganda, Italy (Sicilian)
Uganda, Qatar
Uganda, Saudi Arabia
Uganda, Sudan
Uganda, Ethiopia
Egypt, Cyprus
Egypt, Turkey
Kuwait, Cyprus
Ethiopia, Turkey
*Ethipoia, Ethiopia
I'm curious to know which Ethiopian signatures will turnout more common with Nilotic vs. Afro-Asiatic Speakers. The Beta-Israel are apparently 41% A-M13 (bottleneck?) – would this be from a much more ancient divergence than say the Kunama/Nara in Eritrea who also have a portion although much smaller estimated percentage (10%) of A-M13
Ironically, other than the Ugandan, the Italian (Sicilian) had no other 10/12 matches (Possibly Related or higher) of the 53 kits.
I’ll delve into some of the above in more detail. Some pairings had non-matching markers on Fast-Mutating STRs, moreover when the amount of matching markers are extended to 37 markers, an estimated MRCA has been shown well under 2000 ybp in some cases.
The results from the Y-Utility: Y-DNA Comparison Utility (http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility111.html) can be gathered by copying the sequences within the spoiler below and pasting them directly on the site under “Paste haplotype rows here (without marker headers)”. I’ve run the parameters with a 95% Probability, left the years at 30 and selected Generations in lieu of Years with the FTDNA mutation rate:
SaudiArabia_305873 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 30
SaudiArabia_M6821 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 31
SaudiArabia_M6976 A-M13 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 31
SaudiArabia_M6842 A-M13 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 31
SaudiArabia_200747 A-M13 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 31
Egypt_276991 ? 13 21 15 10 12 12 12 11 13 14 11 31
SaudiArabia_M7223 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 13 14 11 30
Italy_N61746 ? 13 22 15 10 11 12 12 11 11 14 11 31
SaudiArabia_M8036 A-SK239 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 11 13 12 30
UnitedArabEmirates_M8414 A-M13 14 21 16 9 12 13 12 11 12 13 11 30
SaudiArabia_M6242 A-M13 13 21 15 10 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 30
SaudiArabia_364310 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 14 11 31
Kuwait_265123 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Qatar_M8946 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 30
Ethiopia_B24057 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 30
SaudiArabia_164055 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 31
Qatar_309197 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 13 14 11 31
SaudiArabia_193294 ? 13 22 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 14 11 32
SaudiArabia_188314 ? 14 21 15 10 11 13 12 11 11 14 11 31
SaudiArabia_188886 ? 14 21 15 10 11 13 12 11 11 14 11 31
Egypt_N112073 A-PH1043 14 21 15 10 11 13 12 11 11 14 11 32
Egypt_310977 A-M32 15 21 15 10 12 13 12 11 12 13 11 31
Scotland_189478 A-BY16276 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 11 13 11 29
Scotland_151201 A-M13 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Scotland_N98559 A-BY16276 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Ireland_78856 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
UnitedStates(NativeAmerican)_172321 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Scotland_185471 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Ireland_72844 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Scotland_181873 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Scotland_339106 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
England_156037 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Ireland_48550 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Scotland_N80831 A-BY16271 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Ireland_N71582 A-BY16209 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Ireland_121019 A-BY16209 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 14 11 30
Turkey_176787 A-M13 13 20 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 13 11 29
Kazakhstan_220522 ? 13 20 15 9 12 12 12 11 14 13 11 29
Chad_310030 ? 12 21 15 10 10 12 12 11 12 14 11 31
Tunisia_190050 ? 13 21 14 10 11 13 12 11 11 14 11 30
Chad_216345 ? 13 21 14 9 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 30
Kuwait_M8505 ? 13 21 15 10 11 12 12 11 12 13 11 30
RussianFederation_361561 ? 13 21 15 9 11 12 12 11 12 14 11 32
Kuwait_427917 A-M13 13 21 15 9 12 13 12 11 13 13 11 30
SaudiArabia_213660 ? 13 21 17 10 11 12 12 11 13 14 11 31
SaudiArabia_376222 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 13 14 11 31
Uganda_410936 ? 13 22 15 9 12 12 12 11 11 14 11 31
Algeria_116157 ? 14 20 15 10 11 12 12 11 12 14 11 32
SaudiArabia_165650 ? 14 21 15 9 11 13 12 11 12 13 11 29
Sudan_MQFCV ? 13 22 15 9 12 12 12 11 12 14 11 32
Cyprus_Q9RH7 ? 13 21 15 9 12 13 12 11 12 13 11 31
Ethiopia_ZGHZ9 ? 13 21 15 9 12 12 12 11 13 14 11 31
Turkey_9F574 ? 13 21 15 9 12 13 12 11 12 13 11 31
*if this doesn't work for you, I may have to put in a delimiter for an excel paste
The wording-convention for each kit is as follows: Country of Origin/Kit_ID/Tested Signature or HG -- if a kit hasn’t been fully tested (BigY) to confirm their Signature/HG, I’ve left the section with a question mark rather than the default A-M32. I did this not to confuse with an actual A-M32 tested kit on the A-Haplogroup Project (https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Haplogroup_A/) (310977, Egypt) which falls under a A1b1b2b, M32+, M13+ -- Perhaps someone can explain why a tested A-M32 was within a M13 cluster?
I’m also curious as to how a Scottish kit (Scotland_151201_A-M13), closely related to the Boyd cluster, has an A-M13 signature when the others are different (A-BY1627…)