Humanist
09-22-2013, 02:36 AM
Posting for possible further discussion.
Al-Zahery et al. 2011 (http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/288) [+ Assyrian frequency]
In descending order of U3 frequency:
7.9% Crete
7.3% Assyrian
5.5% Iraq (Marsh Arab)
4.9% Georgia
4.0% Iraq
3.8% Egypt
3.5% Bulgaria
3.3% Turkey
3.1% Italy (North)
2.9% Kurds
2.9% Iran
2.4% Saudi Arabia
2.2% Italy (Centre)
2.2% Germany
2.1% Azerbaijan
2.1% Greece
2.1% Italy (Sardinia)
2.0% Italy (South)
1.9% Slovenia
1.9% Caucasus
1.6% United Arab Emirates
1.6% Tunisia
1.5% Scotland
1.4% Turkmenistan
1.2% Czech Republic
1.1% Morocco (Berber)
1.0% Austria
1.0% Ireland
0.7% Bosnia
0.5% Yemen
0.5% Spain
0.3% Hungary
0.2% Pakistan
0.1% India
0.0% Morocco
0.0% Tajikistan
U3 aDNA from Jean Manco's site (http://www.ancestraljourneys.org/ancientdna.shtml):
Neolithic
1. Dnieper-Donets Ukraine 5474–5225 BC
2. LBK Germany 5000 BC ?
Chalcolithic
3. Israel Wadi el‐Makkukh 4490-4335 BC
U3 appears to be significant in the "Dead Sea sample," in the below study:
Mitochondrial DNA variation in Jordanians and their genetic relationship to other Middle East populations. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18428014)
González et al. 2008
RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that, whereas the sample from Amman did not significantly differ from their Levantine neighbours, the Dead Sea sample clearly behaved as a genetic outlier in the region. Its outstanding Eurasian haplogroup U3 frequency (39%) and its south-Saharan Africa lineages (19%) are the highest in the Middle East. On the contrary, the lack ((preHV)1) or comparatively low frequency (J and T) of Neolithic lineages is also striking. Although strong drift by geographic isolation could explain the anomalous mtDNA pool of the Dead Sea sample, the fact that its mtDNA lineage composition mirrors, in geographic origin and haplogroup frequencies, its Y-chromosome pool, points to founder effect as the main cause. Ancestral M1 lineages detected in Jordan that have affinities with those recently found in Northwest but not East Africa question the African origin of the M1 haplogroup.
CONCLUSION: Results are in agreement with an old human settlement in the Jordan region. However, in spite of the attested migratory spreads, genetically divergent populations, such as that of the Dead Sea, still exist in the area.
Calculated the U3 frequencies from Behar et al. (2008)
Counting the Founders: The Matrilineal Genetic Ancestry of the Jewish Diaspora (http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002062#s5)
In descending order of U3 frequency:
11.1% Iraq Jewish
3.4% Azerbaijan Jewish
3.4% Yemen Jewish
2.6% Druze
2.4% Iran Jewish
0.9% Palestinian
0.8% Turkey Jewish
0.7% Morocco Jewish
0.0% Georgia Jewish
0.0% Ethiopia Jewish
0.0% Bnei Israel Jewish
0.0% Cochin Jewish
0.0% Libya Jewish
0.0% Tunisia Jewish
0.0% Belmonte Jewish
0.0% Bulgaria Jewish
0.0% Bedouin
The information on Wikipedia, as is often the case with regard to genetics, is incomplete:
[U3] is found at low levels throughout Europe (about 1% of the population), the Near East (about 2.5% of the population), and Central Asia (1%). U3 is present at higher levels among populations in the Caucasus (about 6%) in Svan population from Svaneti region(Georgia, Caucasus) 4,2% and among Lithuanian Romani, Polish Romani, and Spanish Romani populations (36-56%).
Al-Zahery et al. 2011 (http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/288) [+ Assyrian frequency]
In descending order of U3 frequency:
7.9% Crete
7.3% Assyrian
5.5% Iraq (Marsh Arab)
4.9% Georgia
4.0% Iraq
3.8% Egypt
3.5% Bulgaria
3.3% Turkey
3.1% Italy (North)
2.9% Kurds
2.9% Iran
2.4% Saudi Arabia
2.2% Italy (Centre)
2.2% Germany
2.1% Azerbaijan
2.1% Greece
2.1% Italy (Sardinia)
2.0% Italy (South)
1.9% Slovenia
1.9% Caucasus
1.6% United Arab Emirates
1.6% Tunisia
1.5% Scotland
1.4% Turkmenistan
1.2% Czech Republic
1.1% Morocco (Berber)
1.0% Austria
1.0% Ireland
0.7% Bosnia
0.5% Yemen
0.5% Spain
0.3% Hungary
0.2% Pakistan
0.1% India
0.0% Morocco
0.0% Tajikistan
U3 aDNA from Jean Manco's site (http://www.ancestraljourneys.org/ancientdna.shtml):
Neolithic
1. Dnieper-Donets Ukraine 5474–5225 BC
2. LBK Germany 5000 BC ?
Chalcolithic
3. Israel Wadi el‐Makkukh 4490-4335 BC
U3 appears to be significant in the "Dead Sea sample," in the below study:
Mitochondrial DNA variation in Jordanians and their genetic relationship to other Middle East populations. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18428014)
González et al. 2008
RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that, whereas the sample from Amman did not significantly differ from their Levantine neighbours, the Dead Sea sample clearly behaved as a genetic outlier in the region. Its outstanding Eurasian haplogroup U3 frequency (39%) and its south-Saharan Africa lineages (19%) are the highest in the Middle East. On the contrary, the lack ((preHV)1) or comparatively low frequency (J and T) of Neolithic lineages is also striking. Although strong drift by geographic isolation could explain the anomalous mtDNA pool of the Dead Sea sample, the fact that its mtDNA lineage composition mirrors, in geographic origin and haplogroup frequencies, its Y-chromosome pool, points to founder effect as the main cause. Ancestral M1 lineages detected in Jordan that have affinities with those recently found in Northwest but not East Africa question the African origin of the M1 haplogroup.
CONCLUSION: Results are in agreement with an old human settlement in the Jordan region. However, in spite of the attested migratory spreads, genetically divergent populations, such as that of the Dead Sea, still exist in the area.
Calculated the U3 frequencies from Behar et al. (2008)
Counting the Founders: The Matrilineal Genetic Ancestry of the Jewish Diaspora (http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002062#s5)
In descending order of U3 frequency:
11.1% Iraq Jewish
3.4% Azerbaijan Jewish
3.4% Yemen Jewish
2.6% Druze
2.4% Iran Jewish
0.9% Palestinian
0.8% Turkey Jewish
0.7% Morocco Jewish
0.0% Georgia Jewish
0.0% Ethiopia Jewish
0.0% Bnei Israel Jewish
0.0% Cochin Jewish
0.0% Libya Jewish
0.0% Tunisia Jewish
0.0% Belmonte Jewish
0.0% Bulgaria Jewish
0.0% Bedouin
The information on Wikipedia, as is often the case with regard to genetics, is incomplete:
[U3] is found at low levels throughout Europe (about 1% of the population), the Near East (about 2.5% of the population), and Central Asia (1%). U3 is present at higher levels among populations in the Caucasus (about 6%) in Svan population from Svaneti region(Georgia, Caucasus) 4,2% and among Lithuanian Romani, Polish Romani, and Spanish Romani populations (36-56%).