Whole-genome sequencing of Bantu-speakers from Angola & Mozambique (Tallman et al 22) [Archive]

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02-11-2022, 05:42 AM

Whole-genome sequencing of Bantu-speakers from Angola and Mozambique reveals complex dispersal patterns and interactions throughout sub-Saharan Africa

Samuel P. Tallman, Sandra Beleza, Maria das Dores Sungo, Sílvio Saranga
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.07.478793

Abstract

As the continent of origin for our species, Africa harbours the highest levels of diversity anywhere on Earth. This trove of diversity provides rich opportunities to discover unknown genomic variation and explore how human populations have moved and interacted on the continent over thousands of years. However, many regions of Africa remain under-sampled. Here we present the first collection of whole-genomes from Angola and Mozambique, enabling the construction of a high-quality reference variation catalogue including three million novel SNPs. Leveraging the power and flexibility of whole-genome sequencing data, we model the development and and continuity of Bantu-population structure through time, widespread admixture involving source populations from these regions across sub-Saharan Africa, and the heterogeneous population histories of Western and Eastern Bantu-speakers. In contrast to depictions of the Bantu expansion as a single, continuous macro-event, we recover evidence of admixture among distinct Bantu-speaking groups in South-Eastern Africa and bring together concordant patterns from linguistics and archaeology to paint a more complex picture of Iron Age migrations into the region. Moreover, we generate reference panels that better represents the complete diversity of African populations involved in the Atlantic slave trade, improving imputation accuracy in African Americans and Brazilians over the 1000 Genomes Project. This study fills important gaps in the current record of global genetic diversity and informs on the most significant demographic events in the recent history of Africa. We anticipate that our collection of genomes will form the foundation for future genomic healthcare initiatives involving under-represented communities in Angola and Mozambique.

Main

To support in the continued discovery and cataloguing of genomic variation in human populations and to further our understanding of the Bantu expansion, we sequenced the genomes of 300 individuals from Cabinda, a northern exclave of Angola, and 50 individuals from Maputo, Mozambique to a mean coverage of 12X. Utilizing the power and flexibility of whole-genome sequencing data, we discover rare variation, fine-scale population structure, and heterogeneous population histories of Angolans and Mozambicans. Moreover, in agreement with archaeological [19][20] and linguistic data [21], we perform haplotype- and model-based analyses that uncover evidence that dispersal patterns involving Bantu-speaking populations in sub-Saharan Africa were likely more complex than previously described. Finally, we generate a reference variation panel that better represents the diversity of African populations involved in the Atlantic slave trade. Overall, this dataset represents a timely addition to the growing number of whole-genome sequences from Africa, generates new insights into the history of Bantu-speaking migrant communities, and takes another step towards ensuring the potential benefits of genomics extends to all parts of the globe.

Table 1. Summary of newly sequenced individuals and autosomal genomic variation in Angola and Mozambique

https://i.imgur.com/dzt4Lf8.png

Supplementary Table 1)

Y-DNA

Individual ID Collection Site Language Group / Population Label Y Haplogroup European ancestry ADMIXTURE (%)
cab104 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab105 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab110 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab111 Cabinda Ovimbundu N1c1a1a 24.2
cab114 Cabinda Ovimbundu E2b1a1 0
cab115 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab117 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab118 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a 0
cab120 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1 0
cab121 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab122 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab123 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1b 0
cab124 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab125 Cabinda Kimbundu E1b1a1a1d1b 0
cab126 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a 0
cab127 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 23.22
cab128 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1b 0
cab129 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab13 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab130 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a 0
cab131 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab134 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c 0
cab136 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab138 Cabinda Santomense E1b1a1a1c1b 3.82
cab139 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1 0
cab14 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1b 0
cab140 Cabinda Kikongo E2b1a1 0
cab142 Cabinda Ovimbundu E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab143 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab144 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab145 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab147 Cabinda Kikongo E2b2 0
cab150 Cabinda Mixed E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab153 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab155 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1a 14.71
cab157 Cabinda Kikongo B2a 0
cab158 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1b 0
cab159 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 1.29
cab16 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1 0
cab161 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1 0
cab162 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab163 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab164 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1b 0
cab165 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab167 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 6.94
cab171 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a2 7.33
cab173 Cabinda Kimbundu E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab174 Cabinda Kimbundu E1b1a1a1d1a 0
cab175 Cabinda Kikongo B2a1a 0
cab176 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab178 Cabinda Kikongo B2a1a 0
cab179 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab180 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab181 Cabinda Ovimbundu E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab182 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab183 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab185 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1 0
cab189 Cabinda Chokwe L1b1 22.88
cab19 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab192 Cabinda Mixed E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab193 Cabinda Kikongo E2b1a1 0
cab195 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1 0
cab198 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a 0
cab199 Cabinda Kikongo R1b1 0
cab2 Cabinda Kikongo B2a1a 0
cab200 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab201 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab203 Cabinda Mixed E1b1a1a1d1a2 0
cab205 Cabinda Mixed B2a1a 0
cab207 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab208 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab209 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab21 Cabinda Kimbundu E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab210 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1b 0
cab211 Cabinda Mixed B2a1a 0
cab214 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a 0
cab215 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab217 Cabinda Baluba B2a1a 0
cab219 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab220 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 20.86
cab221 Cabinda Mixed B2a1a 0
cab222 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab223 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab227 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab228 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1c 0
cab229 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1 0
cab230 Cabinda Kimbundu E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab231 Cabinda Ovimbundu E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab234 Cabinda Ovimbundu E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab236 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1 0
cab237 Cabinda Ovimbundu E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab238 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1a 0
cab242 Cabinda Ovimbundu E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab245 Cabinda Kikongo I2a2a1a2a2 21.17
cab246 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab249 Cabinda Kikongo B2a1a 0
cab250 Cabinda Kikongo R1b1 0
cab252 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab253 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1b 0
cab257 Cabinda Kikongo B2a1a 0
cab258 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1 0
cab259 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1b 0
cab264 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a2 0
cab265 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1b 0
cab267 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab268 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a 0
cab269 Cabinda Ovambo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab273 Cabinda Kimbundu E1b1a1a1d1a 0
cab274 Cabinda Ovimbundu E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab275 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab278 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1 0
cab279 Cabinda Lunda E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab281 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a 0
cab283 Cabinda Mixed E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab284 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab285 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1 0
cab289 Cabinda Mixed B2b1 0
cab292 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a 0
cab296 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab298 Cabinda Ovambo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab3 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab302 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab33 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a2 0
cab36 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1 0
cab38 Cabinda Mixed E1b1b1b1a1 49.13
cab4 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab41 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab43 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab45 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1b 0
cab47 Cabinda Kikongo B2a1a 0
cab48 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab49 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab53 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab54 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab55 Cabinda Kikongo B2a1a 0
cab56 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1b 0
cab57 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab6 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a2 0
cab66 Cabinda Ovimbundu E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab68 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab7 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1 0
cab71 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab73 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1 0
cab74 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab76 Cabinda Mixed E1b1a1a1c1a1 0
cab77 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a2 0
cab79 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a2 0
cab8 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1a 0
cab81 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c1 0
cab82 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
cab84 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1a 0
cab93 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab94 Cabinda Kikongo E1b1a1a1d1 0
cab95 Cabinda Kikongo E2b1a1 0
cab96 Cabinda Kikongo I2a1a1a1a 10.22
moz111 Maputo Tswa-Ronga B2a1a 20.21
moz118 Maputo Tswa-Ronga E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
moz119 Maputo Tswa-Ronga E1b1a1a1c1a1c1 0.29
moz126 Maputo Chopi B2a1a 0
moz128 Maputo Makua-Lomwe E1b1a1a1d1c 0.61
moz13 Maputo Tswa-Ronga B2a1a 0
moz130 Maputo Tswa-Ronga E1b1a1a1d1 0
moz153 Maputo Makua-Lomwe E1b1a1a1d1 0
moz16 Maputo Tswa-Ronga E1b1a1a1a 0
moz161 Maputo Chopi E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0.61
moz169 Maputo Makua-Lomwe E1b1a1a1c1a1c1 0
moz172 Maputo Makua-Lomwe E2b1a1 0.74
moz173 Maputo Tswa-Ronga E1b1a1a1d1 0
moz183 Maputo Makua-Lomwe E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
moz195 Maputo Makua-Lomwe E1b1a1a1c1a1c 1.1
moz31 Maputo Makua-Lomwe E1b1a1a1d1 0
moz32 Maputo Tswa-Ronga E1b1b1a1b2 0
moz47 Maputo Tswa-Ronga B2a1a 0
moz48 Maputo Chopi E1b1a1a1c1a1 6.26
moz49 Maputo Sena E1b1a1a1d1a1 0.01
moz50 Maputo Mixed E1b1a1a1d1a1 0
moz51 Maputo Makua-Lomwe E1b1a1a1d1a 0.16
moz59 Maputo Tswa-Ronga E1b1a1a1d1 0
moz78 Maputo Makua-Lomwe E1b1a1a1a 0
moz81 Maputo Tswa-Ronga E1b1a1a1c1a1c 0
moz82 Maputo Tswa-Ronga B2a1a 0
moz87 Maputo Makua-Lomwe E1b1a1a1d1a1 0.03
moz96 Maputo Tswa-Ronga E2b1a1 7.61

mtDNA

Individual ID Collection Site Language Group / Population Label mtDNA Haplogroup European ancestry ADMIXTURE (%)
cab1 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a11 0
cab10 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b4a1 0
cab100 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1b1 0
cab101 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b4a 0
cab102 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2 0
cab103 Cabinda Kimbundu L1b1a 0
cab104 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1e 0
cab105 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1 0
cab106 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1+16293 0
cab107 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b1b 0
cab108 Cabinda Kikongo L0a2a2a 11.33
cab109 Cabinda Kimbundu L2a1f1 1.59
cab11 Cabinda Kikongo NA NA
cab110 Cabinda Kikongo L1c6 0
cab111 Cabinda Ovimbundu L3b1a8 24.2
cab112 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1f 28.56
cab113 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1a1a 0
cab114 Cabinda Ovimbundu L2a1b1a 0
cab115 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a3 0
cab116 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1a2 0
cab117 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2a1b1 0
cab118 Cabinda Kikongo L3e4a 0
cab119 Cabinda Kikongo L3d3a1 0
cab12 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b1b 0
cab120 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b1a1 0
cab121 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2a1 0
cab122 Cabinda Kikongo L3e3a 0
cab123 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b2 0
cab124 Cabinda Kikongo L1c4b 0
cab125 Cabinda Kimbundu L1c1b 0
cab126 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1a2 0
cab127 Cabinda Kikongo L3d3a1 23.22
cab128 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1a1 0
cab129 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a1a1b 0
cab13 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b 0
cab130 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1 0
cab131 Cabinda Kikongo L3e3b1 0
cab132 Cabinda Mixed L3f1b1a1 22.09
cab133 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b+152 0
cab134 Cabinda Kikongo L1b1a 0
cab135 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1e 0
cab136 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1a1a 0
cab137 Cabinda Santomense NA NA
cab138 Cabinda Santomense NA 3.82
cab139 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1b2 0
cab14 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1d1 0
cab140 Cabinda Kikongo L1b1a3 0
cab141 Cabinda Mixed L1c1a 0
cab142 Cabinda Ovimbundu L1c2a3 0
cab143 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1b 0
cab144 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1b2a 0
cab145 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2a1 0
cab146 Cabinda Crioulo NA 10.5
cab147 Cabinda Kikongo NA 0
cab149 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1a2 0
cab15 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1d1 0
cab150 Cabinda Mixed L1c3a1b 0
cab151 Cabinda Kikongo L3e3b2 0
cab152 Cabinda Mixed L3e1a1a 0
cab153 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1h 0
cab154 Cabinda Kikongo NA NA
cab155 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b4c 14.71
cab156 Cabinda Kikongo L2c2a1 0
cab157 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1b1 0
cab158 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b 0
cab159 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1b2 1.29
cab16 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a 0
cab160 Cabinda Kikongo L1c4b 0
cab161 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2a1a 0
cab162 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b1a1 0
cab163 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1e 0
cab164 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1a2 0
cab165 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1b2 0
cab166 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a11 0
cab167 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b 6.94
cab168 Cabinda Kikongo L1c4b 0
cab169 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b2 0
cab17 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1b2 0
cab170 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b4c 0
cab171 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1a3a 7.33
cab173 Cabinda Kimbundu L0a2a1b 0
cab174 Cabinda Kimbundu L1c1b 0
cab175 Cabinda Kikongo L3e4a 0
cab176 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b3 0
cab177 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a11 0
cab178 Cabinda Kikongo L3d1b3a 0
cab179 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1b2 0
cab18 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1b1a1 0
cab180 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2c 0
cab181 Cabinda Ovimbundu L2c2b1b 0
cab182 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2a1b 0
cab183 Cabinda Kikongo L2b1a3 0
cab184 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1b 0
cab185 Cabinda Kikongo L0a2a2a 0
cab186 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1e1 0
cab187 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1 0
cab188 Cabinda Chokwe L1b1a3 0
cab189 Cabinda Chokwe L3e1a2 22.88
cab19 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1b1a1 0
cab190 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1e 0
cab191 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1+16293 0
cab192 Cabinda Mixed L3f1b4a1 0
cab193 Cabinda Kikongo L2c2b1b 0
cab194 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a11 0
cab195 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2a1a 0
cab196 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2a3a 0
cab197 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1a1 0
cab198 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1a2 0
cab199 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1a1 0
cab2 Cabinda Kikongo L2b2a 0
cab20 Cabinda Mixed L1c2b2 0
cab200 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b4a 0
cab201 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b1a 0
cab202 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1f 0
cab203 Cabinda Mixed L1c2b1a 0
cab204 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2 0
cab205 Cabinda Mixed L0a1b1a1 0
cab206 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1 0
cab207 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1b2 0
cab208 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2a1a 0
cab209 Cabinda Kikongo L1b2a 0
cab21 Cabinda Kimbundu L2b1a3 0
cab210 Cabinda Kikongo L1b1a10 0
cab211 Cabinda Mixed L4b2b1 0
cab212 Cabinda Mixed L1c1b1 0
cab213 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b4a 0
cab214 Cabinda Kikongo L0a2a2a 0
cab215 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a11 0
cab216 Cabinda Kikongo NA NA
cab217 Cabinda Baluba L2a1g 0
cab219 Cabinda Kikongo L3d1a2 0
cab22 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1a3a 0
cab220 Cabinda Kikongo L1c5 20.86
cab221 Cabinda Mixed L3e3b1 0
cab222 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2 0
cab223 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2a1b1 0
cab224 Cabinda Kikongo L1b2a 0
cab226 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2a1 0
cab227 Cabinda Kikongo L1c5 0
cab228 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1b1 0
cab229 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1 0
cab230 Cabinda Kimbundu L3e2b 0
cab231 Cabinda Ovimbundu L3e1a1a 0
cab232 Cabinda Ovimbundu L3f1b1a 0.06
cab233 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a11 0
cab234 Cabinda Ovimbundu L3e1e1 0
cab235 Cabinda Kikongo L3e3b1 0
cab236 Cabinda Kikongo L3e3b2 0
cab237 Cabinda Ovimbundu L1c3b1a 0
cab238 Cabinda Kikongo L3e3b1 0
cab239 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b1 0
cab24 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1g 8.08
cab240 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b3 0
cab241 Cabinda Kikongo L3e3b2 0
cab242 Cabinda Ovimbundu L2a5 0
cab243 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a 0
cab244 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1a2 0
cab245 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1+16293 21.17
cab246 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2a1b2 0
cab247 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2c 0
cab248 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b3 0
cab249 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b 0
cab25 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b4a 0
cab250 Cabinda Kikongo L0a2a2a 0
cab251 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a11 0
cab252 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b4a 0
cab253 Cabinda Kikongo L1b1a10 0
cab254 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2a1b 0
cab255 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2a1b1 0
cab256 Cabinda Mixed L0a2a2a 0
cab257 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b1a1 0
cab258 Cabinda Kikongo L3d3a1a 0
cab259 Cabinda Kikongo L1b1a 0
cab26 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1a1a 0
cab260 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a11 0
cab261 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b3 0
cab262 Cabinda Kikongo NA NA
cab263 Cabinda Mixed L1c2b2 0
cab264 Cabinda Kikongo L1c6 0
cab265 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1a1a 0
cab266 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1d1 0
cab267 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b3 0
cab268 Cabinda Kikongo L1c3a1a 0
cab269 Cabinda Ovambo L3e1a1a 0
cab27 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1 0
cab270 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1f 0
cab271 Cabinda Kikongo NA NA
cab272 Cabinda Ovimbundu L3d2b 0
cab273 Cabinda Kimbundu L3f1b4a 0
cab274 Cabinda Ovimbundu L2b2a 0
cab275 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b+152 0
cab276 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1a2a1a 0
cab277 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a1a1b 0
cab278 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2a1b1 0
cab279 Cabinda Lunda L0a1b2a 0
cab28 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1b1a 0
cab280 Cabinda Ovimbundu L1c2b1b1 0
cab281 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a1a1b 0
cab282 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2 0
cab283 Cabinda Mixed L2a1b 0
cab284 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a 0
cab285 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b2 0
cab286 Cabinda Kikongo NA NA
cab287 Cabinda Kikongo L3e3b2 0
cab288 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1d1 0
cab289 Cabinda Mixed L3e3b1 0
cab29 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b+152 6.41
cab290 Cabinda NA L3e1a2 0
cab291 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b4a 0
cab292 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b3 0
cab293 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2c 0
cab294 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2a3 0
cab295 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1 0
cab296 Cabinda Kikongo L1b1a10 0
cab297 Cabinda Ovimbundu L2a1c2a 0
cab298 Cabinda Ovambo L3b1a11 0
cab299 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2 0
cab3 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2b3 0
cab30 Cabinda Kikongo L1b1a18 0
cab300 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1+143+16189 0
cab301 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a11 0
cab302 Cabinda Kikongo L1c3a1b 0
cab303 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a11 0
cab304 Cabinda Ovimbundu L2a1f 0
cab305 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b4a 0
cab306 Cabinda Kikongo L3h1b2 0
cab307 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b2 0
cab31 Cabinda Mixed L3d1a1a 0
cab32 Cabinda Mixed L1c3a1b 0
cab33 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b1a 0
cab34 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1d1 0
cab35 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1a2 0
cab36 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b1b 0
cab37 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a1a1 0
cab38 Cabinda Mixed NA 49.13
cab39 Cabinda Kikongo L0a2a1b 0
cab4 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1f 0
cab40 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b1a'b 0
cab41 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1b2 0
cab42 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2c 0
cab43 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1a2 0
cab45 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1g 0
cab46 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b4a 0
cab47 Cabinda Kikongo L3d1d 0
cab48 Cabinda Kikongo L3e3b1 0
cab49 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1 0
cab5 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b2 0
cab50 Cabinda Kimbundu L3e2b1a2 0.77
cab51 Cabinda Ovimbundu L2c2b1b 0
cab53 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2 0
cab54 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1b1a1 0
cab55 Cabinda Kikongo L1b1a3 0
cab56 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b1b 0
cab57 Cabinda Kikongo L3d1b3a 0
cab58 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a+152 0
cab59 Cabinda Kikongo L3e3b2 0
cab6 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1a2a1a 0
cab60 Cabinda Kikongo L3f1b4a 0
cab61 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2 0
cab62 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2 0
cab63 Cabinda Kikongo L1c4a 0
cab64 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a+152 0
cab65 Cabinda Mixed L0a1+16293 22.62
cab66 Cabinda Ovimbundu L3b1a8 0
cab67 Cabinda Kimbundu L2a1c1 0
cab68 Cabinda Kikongo L1c3a 0
cab69 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1b1 0
cab7 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b1a'b 0
cab70 Cabinda Mixed L2a1f 0
cab71 Cabinda Kikongo L3d3a1 0
cab72 Cabinda Mixed NA 49.38
cab73 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a1a 0
cab74 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1c4a1 0
cab75 Cabinda Kikongo L2b1a3 0
cab76 Cabinda Mixed L3e1a2 0
cab77 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1a2 0
cab78 Cabinda Kikongo L3e2a1b1 0
cab79 Cabinda Kikongo L3b1a+152 0
cab8 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2b1b1 0
cab80 Cabinda Kikongo L3e3b2 0
cab81 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1d1 0
cab82 Cabinda Kikongo L2d1a 0
cab83 Cabinda Kikongo L1c3a1b 0
cab84 Cabinda Kikongo L4b2b1 0
cab85 Cabinda Kikongo L1b1a10 0
cab86 Cabinda Kikongo L3e3b2 0
cab87 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1a3c 0
cab88 Cabinda Kimbundu L3e3b2 0
cab89 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1f1 0
cab9 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1g 0
cab90 Cabinda Kikongo L1c1b 0
cab91 Cabinda Kikongo NA NA
cab92 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1f 0
cab93 Cabinda Kikongo L1c2a1 0
cab94 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1a2 0
cab95 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1b2 0
cab96 Cabinda Kikongo L2b1a3 10.22
cab97 Cabinda Kikongo L0a1b2 0
cab98 Cabinda Kikongo L2a1a2a1a 0.56
cab99 Cabinda Kikongo L3e1b2 0
moz105 Maputo Sena L2a1d2 6.46
moz111 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L3d1a1a1 20.21
moz118 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L2a1f 0
moz119 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L2a1a2 0.29
moz126 Maputo Chopi L3e1d1 0
moz128 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L3d1a1a 0.61
moz13 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L2a1f 0
moz130 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L2a1b1a 0
moz146 Maputo Chopi L3e1e1 0
moz153 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L1c1b 0
moz154 Maputo Chopi L0a1b1a1 0
moz159 Maputo Chopi L2a1b1a 2.89
moz16 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L0d2c1 0
moz160 Maputo Chopi L2c2b1b 0
moz161 Maputo Chopi L3e1a3a 0.61
moz162 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L2a5 0
moz164 Maputo Chopi L2a1b1a 0
moz169 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L0a2a2a 0
moz171 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L3e3a 0
moz172 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L3b1a11 0.74
moz173 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L0a1b1a1 0
moz180 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L3d1a1a1 0
moz183 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L0a1e 0
moz187 Maputo Chopi NA 0
moz19 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L0a1b1a1 0
moz195 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L1b2a 1.1
moz30 Maputo Sena L0a2a2a 0.18
moz31 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L0a2a2a 0
moz32 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L2a1b1a 0
moz33 Maputo Shona L3e1d1 0
moz47 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L2a1b1a 0
moz48 Maputo Chopi L2a1b1a 6.26
moz49 Maputo Sena L0a2a1a2 0.01
moz50 Maputo Mixed L3b1a11 0
moz51 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L0a2a2a 0.16
moz52 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L2a1a2 0
moz56 Maputo Chopi L0a2a2a 0
moz57 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L0a2a2a 1.14
moz58 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L2a1b1a 0
moz59 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L3d1a1a 0
moz60 Maputo Chopi L0a2a2a 0
moz61 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L2a1b1a 0
moz68 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L1c2a1a 13.64
moz78 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L2a1d 0
moz81 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L3d1a1a1 0
moz82 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L3e1b2 0
moz84 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L0a1b2a 0.45
moz87 Maputo Makua-Lomwe L3e1a1a 0.03
moz96 Maputo Tswa-Ronga L2a1b1a 7.61
moz97 Maputo Chopi L2a1b1a 0

Figure 1. Population structure of sequenced Niger-Congo populations

https://i.imgur.com/6ujelOE.png
(a) Map denoting colour and shape corresponding to Niger-Congo populations present in a
merged dataset consisting of newly sequenced Angolans and Mozambicans, the 1000G and
the AGVP (Supplementary Table 2). (b) Top two principal components of PCA of the merged
dataset. (c) Average cumulative length of IBD haplotypes between 1 and 4cM that individuals
share with another individual from each population in the merged dataset. (d) As in c, but for
IBD haplotypes between 4 and 8 cM. (e) As in c/d but for IBD haplotypes greater than 8cM.

Figure 2. Complex admixture involving Central-West and South-Eastern Bantuspeakers over the past 4,000 years as inferred by fastGLOBETROTTER.

https://i.imgur.com/VlJHQdd.png
(a) Map arrows connecting 36 African and non-African groups with evidence of admixture
involving source populations at least partially (>5%) matched to Angolan (red), Mozambican,
or Malawian (light blue) Bantu-speaking donor populations. The size of the arrow is proportional
to the fraction of ancestry from the donor population. Coordinates for each source population
were selected based on the approximate region of Africa where that language is
primarily spoken. (b) Date(s) of admixture estimated using fastGLOBETROTTER. Generation time
was transformed into years using 26 years per generation. (c) Modelled ancestry
composition of the admixing source populations inferred during either events 1 (latest) or 2
(earliest). In instances where fastGLOBETROTTER infers a multi-way event involving more
than two source populations mixing at a single date (e.g. in the case of Mozambicans and
Malawians), we describe the estimated ancestry composition of the less strongly-signalled
source populations under event 2. However, we note that determining the precise ancestry
composition of source populations involved in these multi-way events can be difficult (see
REF [45]). Colours represent groups merged into super populations for ease of visualisation
(see Supplementary Table 7 for full results). (d) Ancestry of the best guess major (M) and
minor (m) source populations involved in events 1 and 2 inferred by fastGLOBETROTTER.

RCO

02-11-2022, 12:42 PM

Interesting article.

Increasing West African reference panel diversity using Angolan and Mozambican
genomes improves imputation accuracy in African Americans and Brazilians

drobbah

02-12-2022, 01:12 AM

The one E-V22 sample shouldn’t be surprising as one of the South Cushitic PN samples carried E-V22

Angoliga

02-12-2022, 04:01 AM

Some observations:

• Averge IBD between 1-4cM (Fig 1 c) is highest at the farthest extent of Bantu expansion, towards the cape (S. Moz, and [ZAF] Zulu). I guess this should be expected from founder effects most distant from source Bantu populations in West/Central-Africa -- it's still neat to see with the data

• There's two Angolan R1b1 samples, interestingly neither appear to have any recent European ancestry ADMIXTURE (%). Could they descend from regional Sahelian Chadic/Central-Sudanic pops (Northern Cameroon) pre-bantu expansion or from deep pre-colonial connections which has since diluted their European admixture?

• The breakdown% of major forager-related haplogroups (B2 Y-DNA/L0 mtDNA) in these Cabinda (Bantu SW) and Maputo (Bantu SE) samples correlates fairly well with their forager-related affinities in this rudimentary G25 run:

(*No-calls were removed from the tally)
https://i.imgur.com/nJv6JbX.png

Target: (Cabinda proxy) Bantu_S.W.
Distance: 3.6885% / 0.03688482
76.6 Yoruba
10.6 ZAF_2000BP
10.4 Sudanese
1.6 Mbuti
0.6 IRN_Wezmeh_N
0.2 Levant_Natufian

Target: (Maputo proxy) Bantu_S.E.
Distance: 4.4034% / 0.04403430
66.4 Yoruba
21.8 ZAF_2000BP
11.6 Sudanese
0.2 Mbuti

At the farthest extent of expansion, Bantu SE has significantly more, nearly double the amount of forager-related ancestry as Bantu SW.

Once we get more Central-Bantu samples (DRC), one might imagine a natural cline of HG-affinities across the Congo-basin towards the SE Great-Lakes with punctuations of Central rF-HG (Mbuti-like) ancestry along the way -- or maybe there's a much more complex pattern at play as these dispersals suggest.

passenger

02-12-2022, 04:38 AM

• There's two Angolan R1b1 samples, interestingly neither appear to have any recent European ancestry ADMIXTURE (%). Could they descend from regional Sahelian Chadic/Central-Sudanic pops (Northern Cameroon) pre-bantu expansion or from deep pre-colonial connections which has since diluted their European admixture? [/INDENT]

I would guess the latter. The pre-20th-century Euro presence in Angola was tiny relative to the overall population (generally not more than 1000 in any given year), but it was consistent. There were plenty of Portuguese/Luso-Brazilians and others who left descendants who ended up integrating into the general African population and were ultimately phenotypically indistinguishable from other black Angolans. Considering this presence started in the 16th century, I think you could reasonably find Y-DNA evidence of this impact where autosomal evidence is lacking.

venustas

02-12-2022, 04:48 AM

I would guess the latter. The pre-20th-century Euro presence in Angola was tiny relative to the overall population (generally not more than 1000 in any given year), but it was consistent. There were plenty of Portuguese/Luso-Brazilians and others who left descendants who ended up integrating into the general African population and were ultimately phenotypically indistinguishable from other black Angolans. Considering this presence started in the 16th century, I think you could reasonably find Y-DNA evidence of this impact where autosomal evidence is lacking.

Not neccasarily I have been studying y-chromosome frequencies across the world for the past year very detailed and I found a peak of about 20 percent R1b-v88 in the Fang of Gabon R1b seems to be found in most areas further south and east of here including at 10 percent in parts of the Republic of Congo. Angola in particular Northern Angola is not far from this Gabon/Fang peak of R1b-V88. However perhaps you are correct because I also see haplogroup I2 and N in Angola. Was this repairable SNP typed or not? On role resolution studies I have seen cases of I2 showed up in far off places where it is actually not I2. The I2 is surprising to me as well as the N the R1b is not. Here are some screenshots of my work
48417
48418

passenger

02-12-2022, 04:59 AM

Not neccasarily I have been studying y-chromosome frequencies across the world for the past year very detailed and I found a peak of about 20 percent R1b-v88 in the Fang of Gabon R1b seems to be found in most areas further south and east of here including at 10 percent in parts of the Republic of Congo. Angola in particular Northern Angola is not far from this Gabon/Fang peak of R1b-V88. However perhaps you are correct because I also see haplogroup I2 and N in Angola. Was this repairable SNP typed or not? On role resolution studies I have seen cases of I2 showed up in far off places where it is actually not I2. The I2 is surprising to me as well as the N the R1b is not.

True, I didn't think about R1b1a2-V88. I guess we need more specific info.

venustas

02-12-2022, 05:09 AM

True, I didn't think about R1b1a2-V88. I guess we need more specific info.
If you see my screenshots you will see much more information including the sources (they are in my last post). Apparently the Bakongo have about 10 percent R1b and Angola seemed to have close to 5 percent even though it might be a bit lower in reality it is definitely present and it definitely is part of a pattern which seems to have the Fang in Gabon I the center afaik.

passenger

02-12-2022, 05:19 AM

If you see my screenshots you will see much more information including the sources (they are in my last post). Apparently the Bakongo have about 10 percent R1b and Angola seemed to have close to 5 percent even though it might be a bit lower in reality it is definitely present and it definitely is part of a pattern which seems to have the Fang in Gabon I the center afaik.

Thanks, I just meant we need more info on which branch of R1b1. R1b and R1b1 are very generic designations.

Angoliga

02-12-2022, 05:42 AM

True, I didn't think about R1b1a2-V88. I guess we need more specific info.

I should have stated R-V88 for clarity; that's the R1b1 I was implying by "Sahelian Chadic/Central-Sudanic pops (Northern Cameroon)" in and around the Lake Chad Basin.

Just for added context, from going through the supplementary table, interestingly of all the blatant European Y-DNA haplogroups, the only ones with 0 recent European ancestry ADMIXTURE(%) are the R1b1 samples:

https://i.imgur.com/DQS0EvS.png

It's still an open verdict but they appear more likely closer related to fellow African R1b1 subclades.

Not neccasarily I have been studying y-chromosome frequencies across the world for the past year very detailed and I found a peak of about 20 percent R1b-v88 in the Fang of Gabon R1b seems to be found in most areas further south and east of here including at 10 percent in parts of the Republic of Congo. Angola in particular Northern Angola is not far from this Gabon/Fang peak of R1b-V88. However perhaps you are correct because I also see haplogroup I2 and N in Angola. Was this repairable SNP typed or not? On role resolution studies I have seen cases of I2 showed up in far off places where it is actually not I2. The I2 is surprising to me as well as the N the R1b is not. Here are some screenshots of my work
48417
48418

Thanks for sharing.

Could you either zoom-in or highlight the Gabon/Fang reference? I can't seem to find it from scanning through your screenshots.

venustas

02-12-2022, 02:24 PM

I should have stated R-V88 for clarity; that's the R1b1 I was implying by "Sahelian Chadic/Central-Sudanic pops (Northern Cameroon)" in and around the Lake Chad Basin.

Just for added context, from going through the supplementary table, interestingly of all the blatant European Y-DNA haplogroups, the only ones with 0 recent European ancestry ADMIXTURE(%) are the R1b1 samples:

https://i.imgur.com/DQS0EvS.png

It's still an open verdict but they appear more likely closer related to fellow African R1b1 subclades.

Thanks for sharing.

Could you either zoom-in or highlight the Gabon/Fang reference? I can't seem to find it from scanning through your screenshots.

Hello my database did not include fang yet just all of the Bantu in Gabon combined however I have a screenshot from a source 48420showing this data
The source is below

http://www.ddl.cnrs.fr › fulltextPDF
The Fang coming all the way down from 'Egyptland'? - CNRS

FM2709

02-27-2022, 03:27 AM

Hi there! My father is Bakongo from Uige (Northern Angola) and a couple of DNA tests I've taken have given me results which show that I have some Sahelian/Chadian/Sudanese/Senegambian DNA. I'm not an expert when it comes to this stuff, so I'd really like to know more about this! I've been searching everywhere for answers. Do you know how the Bakongo could have inherited this since I'm not aware of any ancestors who were from the Sahel?

I should have stated R-V88 for clarity; that's the R1b1 I was implying by "Sahelian Chadic/Central-Sudanic pops (Northern Cameroon)" in and around the Lake Chad Basin.

Just for added context, from going through the supplementary table, interestingly of all the blatant European Y-DNA haplogroups, the only ones with 0 recent European ancestry ADMIXTURE(%) are the R1b1 samples:

https://i.imgur.com/DQS0EvS.png

It's still an open verdict but they appear more likely closer related to fellow African R1b1 subclades.

Thanks for sharing.

Could you either zoom-in or highlight the Gabon/Fang reference? I can't seem to find it from scanning through your screenshots.

mpatsibihugu89

05-13-2022, 01:12 AM

FM2709

05-25-2022, 05:02 PM

Papertrail: Mukongo father (Uige, Mbanza Kongo); Muswahili and Mongo mother (North Kivu, Kisangani, Équateur).

GEDmatch (Ethiohelix - African Only)

1 West_Africa 67.76
2 Nilo-Saharan 8.27
3 Biaka-Pygmy 7.74
4 Omotic 4.75
5 East_Africa1 4.31
6 East-Africa2 2.27
7 Khoi-San 1.85
8 North-Africa 1.53
9 Hadza 1.51

Illustrative DNA - Farmer & Hunter Gatherer Ancestry

West African Hunter-Gatherer: 51.8%
CMR_Shum_Laka_3000BP

East African Hunter-Gatherer: 40.2%
ETH_4500BP

North African Neolithic Farmer: 8.0%
MAR_EN

Illustrative DNA - (Modern Customise)

Fit: 1.211

Bantu

Kongo: 26.4%
Manyika: 20.8%
Sena (Mozambique): 10.0%
Ganguela (Angola): 2.4%

West African

Jola (Gambia): 22.0%
Dogon: 8.6%
Kassena (Ghana): 2.6%

Nilo-Saharan

Zaghawa (Sudan): 2.6%

South Asian

Brahmin (Kerala Kurichiya): 1.4%

East Asian

Qiang (Danba): 0.8%
Han (Shanghai): 0.6%

Arctic & Amerindian

Eskimo: 0.8%
Suru (Brazil): 0.4%

Balochi and Brahui

Balochi Makrani: 0.6%

Illustrative DNA - (Ancient Breakdown - 5 Populations)

Fit: 1.286

Bantu

Kongo: 33.4%
Yao: 13.0%
Bantu (Kenya): 8.8%
Manyika: 4.4%

West African

Jola (Gambia): 19.4%
Dogon: 16.6%

Sinitic

China (Eastern Han period) – DCZ-M21II: 2.2%

South Asian

Swat Valley (400 BC–100 AD) (Indo-Greek period) – I6550: 1.8%
Ancient Ancestral South Indian: 0.4%

Illustrative DNA - (Ancient Breakdown - 3 Populations)

Fit: 1.458

Bantu

Kongo: 23.8%
Makhuwa: 20.2%
Bantu (Kenya): 9.2%
Sena: 7.4%

West African

Wolof (Gambia): 23.8%
Kassena (Ghana): 12.2%

Aleut

Neo-Aleut – I1125: 3.4%

YourDNAPortal (Modern African, Second Run G-G-F)

Kongo: 6.25%
Fulani Niger: 6.25%
Kwangali Namibia: 12.5%
Ngumba Cameroon: 12.5%
Yao Mozambique: 12.5%
Aghem Cameroon: 6.25%
Chopi Mozambique: 6.25%
Duala Cameroon: 6.25%
Igbo Nigeria: 6.25%
Laal Chad: 6.25%
Mwani Mozambique: 6.25%
Sena Mozambique: 6.25%
Yoruba Nigeria: 6.25%

YourDNAPortal (Modern African, Third Run G-F)

Fang Gabon: 12.5%
Kongo: 12.5%
Laka Chad: 12.5%
Malawi: 12.5%
Mbukushu Namibia: 12.5%
Mossi Burkina Faso: 12.5%
Mzigua Tanzania: 12.5%
Ngumba Cameroon: 12.5%

YourDNAPortal (North African, Third Run G-F)

Fang Gabon: 12.5%
Ganguela Angola: 12.5%
Mossi Burkina Faso: 12.5%
Hausa Nigeria: 12.5
Kenya Luhya: 12.5%
Makhuwa Mozambique: 12.5%
Ngumba Cameroon: 12.5%
Sena Mozambique: 12.5%

YourDNAPortal (Ancient African)

Volta-Niger: 43.2%
Proto Bantu: 32.3%
Senegambian: 7.05%
African Rainforest Hunter-Gatherer: 5%
Proto-Nilotic: 4.85%
South-Asian: 2%
Sahelian: 1.7%
Native American: 1.35%
South African Hunter-Gatherer: 0.95%
East-Asian: 0.85%
Eurasiatic: 0.75%