Tsakhur
10-15-2022, 03:57 PM
I think this PCA using Global 10 (https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/10/a-fresh-look-at-global-genetic-diversity.html) are a bit more accurate for showing where Amerindians are located genetically on a global scale:
https://i.imgur.com/SOtXkkq.png
I choose Global 10 tool because it can modelled extremely drifted groups such as Native Americans very accurately which G25 can't without giving them extremely huge and terrible distance fits. Seems like Amerindians are around 33-36% ANE (Afontova Gora3+MA1 combined) indeed although some groups such as Andeans are estimated having as much as 41-42% (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5204334/figure/WONGGR202945F7/). Unfortunately, there are no Andean samples in Global 10 to test if that's really the case:
Native Americans seem to be as Western-shifted to someone who is 75% Han Chinese and 25% German or even slightly more as can be seen in the PCA.
Target: Karitiana
Distance: 0.5295% / 0.00529515
64.8 Ulchi
33.2 AfontovaGora3
2.0 Onge
Target: Pima
Distance: 0.3897% / 0.00389692
66.0 Ulchi
21.0 AfontovaGora3
13.0 MA1
Target: Wichi
Distance: 0.5055% / 0.00505492
66.8 Ulchi
33.2 AfontovaGora3
Target: Zapotec
Distance: 0.2854% / 0.00285354
64.2 Ulchi
22.8 MA1
13.0 AfontovaGora3
Target: Clovis
Distance: 0.5850% / 0.00585015
65.0 Ulchi
28.0 AfontovaGora3
7.0 MA1
However when you removed Afontova Gora3/AG3 and leave only MA1 in the run (most indigenous Americans seem to receive their ANE ancestry from an MA1-like source rather than AG3), it gives a bit odd results. For example, Karitiana now have more ANE than Pima and Kennewick even though the former is actually slightly more Eastern Eurasian-shifted in many PCAs than the latter two.
Target: Clovis
Distance: 1.0086% / 0.01008593
63.2 Ulchi
36.8 MA1
Target: Kennewick
Distance: 0.9394% / 0.00939438
64.6 Ulchi
35.4 MA1
Target: Wichi
Distance: 1.1881% / 0.01188098
64.8 Ulchi
35.2 MA1
Target: Zapotec
Distance: 0.4769% / 0.00476946
63.4 Ulchi
36.6 MA1
Target: Surui
Distance: 0.9793% / 0.00979349
63.0 Ulchi
37.0 MA1
Target: Pima
Distance: 0.7241% / 0.00724065
64.6 Ulchi
35.4 MA1
Target: Karitiana
Distance: 1.0233% / 0.01023342
63.2 Ulchi
36.8 MA1
https://i.imgur.com/SOtXkkq.png
I choose Global 10 tool because it can modelled extremely drifted groups such as Native Americans very accurately which G25 can't without giving them extremely huge and terrible distance fits. Seems like Amerindians are around 33-36% ANE (Afontova Gora3+MA1 combined) indeed although some groups such as Andeans are estimated having as much as 41-42% (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5204334/figure/WONGGR202945F7/). Unfortunately, there are no Andean samples in Global 10 to test if that's really the case:
Native Americans seem to be as Western-shifted to someone who is 75% Han Chinese and 25% German or even slightly more as can be seen in the PCA.
Target: Karitiana
Distance: 0.5295% / 0.00529515
64.8 Ulchi
33.2 AfontovaGora3
2.0 Onge
Target: Pima
Distance: 0.3897% / 0.00389692
66.0 Ulchi
21.0 AfontovaGora3
13.0 MA1
Target: Wichi
Distance: 0.5055% / 0.00505492
66.8 Ulchi
33.2 AfontovaGora3
Target: Zapotec
Distance: 0.2854% / 0.00285354
64.2 Ulchi
22.8 MA1
13.0 AfontovaGora3
Target: Clovis
Distance: 0.5850% / 0.00585015
65.0 Ulchi
28.0 AfontovaGora3
7.0 MA1
However when you removed Afontova Gora3/AG3 and leave only MA1 in the run (most indigenous Americans seem to receive their ANE ancestry from an MA1-like source rather than AG3), it gives a bit odd results. For example, Karitiana now have more ANE than Pima and Kennewick even though the former is actually slightly more Eastern Eurasian-shifted in many PCAs than the latter two.
Target: Clovis
Distance: 1.0086% / 0.01008593
63.2 Ulchi
36.8 MA1
Target: Kennewick
Distance: 0.9394% / 0.00939438
64.6 Ulchi
35.4 MA1
Target: Wichi
Distance: 1.1881% / 0.01188098
64.8 Ulchi
35.2 MA1
Target: Zapotec
Distance: 0.4769% / 0.00476946
63.4 Ulchi
36.6 MA1
Target: Surui
Distance: 0.9793% / 0.00979349
63.0 Ulchi
37.0 MA1
Target: Pima
Distance: 0.7241% / 0.00724065
64.6 Ulchi
35.4 MA1
Target: Karitiana
Distance: 1.0233% / 0.01023342
63.2 Ulchi
36.8 MA1