Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basic lineages migrated back to Afri

[firemonkey]

Abstract

Background: After three decades of mtDNA studies on human evolution the only incontrovertible main result is the African origin of all extant modern humans. In addition, a southern coastal route has been relentlessly imposed to explain the Eurasian colonization of these African pioneers. Based on the age of macrohaplogroup L3, from which all maternal Eurasian and the majority of African lineages originated, that out-of-Africa event has been dated around 60-70 kya. On the opposite side, we have proposed a northern route through Central Asia across the Levant for that expansion. Consistent with the fossil record, we have dated it around 125 kya. To help bridge differences between the molecular and fossil record ages, in this article we assess the possibility that mtDNA macrohaplogroup L3 matured in Eurasia and returned to Africa as basic L3 lineages around 70 kya. Results: The coalescence ages of all Eurasian (M,N) and African L3 lineages, both around 71 kya, are not significantly different. The oldest M and N Eurasian clades are found in southeastern Asia instead near of Africa as expected by the southern route hypothesis. The split of the Y-chromosome composite DE haplogroup is very similar to the age of mtDNA L3. A Eurasian origin and back migration to Africa has been proposed for the African Y-chromosome haplogroup E. Inside Africa, frequency distributions of maternal L3 and paternal E lineages are positively correlated. This correlation is not fully explained by geographic or ethnic affinities. It seems better to be the result of a joint and global replacement of the old autochthonous male and female African lineages by the new Eurasian incomers. Conclusions: These results are congruent with a model proposing an out-of-Africa of early anatomically modern humans around 125 kya. A return to Africa of Eurasian fully modern humans around 70 kya, and a second Eurasian global expansion by 60 kya. Climatic conditions and the presence of Neanderthals played key roles in these human movements.



https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/12/13/233502

[Passa]

Exactly what I've been proposing lately.

[Lank]

The correlation between Y-DNA DE and mtDNA L3 in Africa has been obvious for many years. There is no a priori reason to assume Y-DNA DE originates outside Africa, especially when it has roughly the same age as mtDNA L3 (although, if it was part of a back migration, it certainly would have brought some mtDNA L3). There was mtDNA M and even pre-N, as well as a lot of Y-DNA C even in Paleolithic Europe, so the modern concentration of Y-DNA/mtDNA diversity in eastern rather than western parts of Eurasia is not representative of the distribution going back tens of thousands of years.

Nothing new to see here as far as I can see.

[beyoku]

The correlation between Y-DNA DE and mtDNA L3 in Africa has been obvious for many years...........
Nothing new to see here as far as I can see.

This. A hypothetical Asian specific "L3y" or "L3z" that predates L3bcdj or L3eikx could make me sing their tune though.

[Mansamusa]

So the Eurasian back migration of 40 000 years ago has been pushed back to 60 000 years ago, which was traditionally seen as the original OOA event? What is the archaeological evidence supporting these ancient Eurasians flipping back and forth between continents like ninjas 60 000 years ago?

[Modernancientdna]

So the Eurasian back migration of 40 000 years ago has been pushed back to 60 000 years ago, which was traditionally seen as the original OOA event? What is the archaeological evidence supporting these ancient Eurasians flipping back and forth between continents like ninjas 60 000 years ago?

Y-DNA haplogroup IJ

[Mansamusa]

Y-DNA haplogroup IJ

Please elaborate.

[Modernancientdna]

Please elaborate.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2...ientists-find/

[homunculus]

Lol, that link talks about some proto-australopithecines, nothing to do with AMHs or ydna IJ whatsoever.

[TuaMan]

Interesting paper, I'd recommend anyone who hasn't already to download the PDF of the full paper via the link in the initial post (the PDF link is off to the right on the bioRxiv page) and read it for yourself. Keep in mind again it's not yet peer-reviewed so we'll see if/how they amend some of their contentions in time.

I'd also suggest anyone interested more generally in the topic of the OoA dispersal to read the authors' previous papers regarding the dispersals of mtdna M, N, and R in Eurasia. In those previous papers, they basically contend that the OOA expansion through Eurasia took place via a more northernly route as opposed the conventional "southern dispersal" route via the Horn of Africa across the peninsular Arabian coast, and I think they made a solid case for their argument in those three papers.

This paper is obviously a continuation of the theme they established in their previous work as far as critically evaluating the conventional OoA paradigm, and while I definitely don't agree with their interpretation that the extant Eurasian OOA population is rooted 125,000 years ago in the Levant/Central Asia, I do think they make interesting points regarding some other key details.

I want to take the time to read through all these papers before I formulate a coherent response, but I figured in the mean time I'd bump this thread up and provide a little more context to the authors' framework that will maybe stimulate some interesting discussion.

Chad Rohlfsen, I don't know if you're reading, but I remember a few months ago you were toying around with some of your own models of African population history, so I would be curious your take on this topic might be, if any.