Basically African history = Niger-Congo history.Got it!Originally Posted by Asante
The emphasis on Punt like the general region of "Ethiopia"/"Nubia"/"Ta-Seti" was simply the Homeland of the Niger-Congo speaking family;
Original homeland of the Bantu up to 1500 A.D
Dark shading: Possible ultimate origin of the Bantu
Cross shading: Area of Bantu expansion into Kemet
Bantu Migration Routes from Kush and the Island of Meroe
Distribution of Y-DNA (male DNA) haplogroup E1b1a/E-M2 lineage
The Niger-Congo speakers, Nilo - Saharan and Cushitic speakers were all integral to making ancient Kemet Africa's super civilization. Niger-Congo speakers are the most widespread and numerous population on the continent of Africa.
I'll take that as a no. I really don't care what colour they were. We can call them Black Africans if you like, Beyonce is black after all.
Don't switch up now and pretend to be a pan-Africanist when literally couple posts ago you claimed Punt & Ancient Egypt as solely Niger-Congo civilizations.Carthage and Aksum I presume were also Niger-Congo speakers according to you and your ilk right?
??? You are confused. The only thing that I stated to you in that regard was that Northeast Africa is the Niger-Congo homeland. When you asked who were the modern representatives of the ancient Egyptian civilization I recall listing Niger-Congo speakers, Nilo-Saharan speakers, and Cushitic speakers. I provided a specific example proving the Akan's ancient Egyptian ancestry. I attributed the civilization to Twa. I added that part prior to you posting your little retort btw.
Either you're confused or you're disgruntled, and are trying to make/start petty ridiculous arguments.
It hasn't been debunked.That is dated, and debunked!
A. The Naqada should be very similar to the Badari...both are predynastic Upper Egyptians. And Brace's predynastic Upper Egyptian sample is Naqada. I also don't get why you're upset. Naqada seems to be intermediate and looks greater than halfway to Somalia than to the Maghreb.
B. There's no reason to just dismiss samples from India. Indians are Eurasian and Egyptians have a Eurasian component. Indians also have a sizable Basal Eurasian component which will probably be huge in Ancient Egyptians.
C. Limb studies can never discredit cranio-metric studies.
D. Dental studies don't show Ancient Egyptians having strong ties to Sub-Saharan Africans. So I don't know what you're talking about.
Last edited by Arch Hades; 02-12-2019 at 12:03 AM.
FrostAssassin0701 (02-12-2019), jonahst (02-12-2019), Power77 (02-12-2019)
Where did you hear this?
Anyway I think they'll be a lot like the other genomes we have...but will.have a lower Iranian Neolithic component. Maybe instead of a 50% Natufians related component it'll be 60-70%.
Power77 (02-12-2019)
I can't find it again - someone emailed the authors of the Djehutynakht study asking about his Y haplogroup, and they replied that they had it but it wasn't published yet. The Djehutynakht study itself was only on mtDNA but they said they had 0.09x coverage over the entire genome, which I think is bad but not terrible? So sounds like there'll be autosomal DNA.
This is amusing, much like Ricky Bobby father's said:
"Ricky if you ain't first, you last".
Except this is:
"If you ain't pale, your black."
Never mind the readily available evidence that anyone with two brain cells and a tiny little bit of knowledge can get.
https://journals.plos.org/plosbiolog...o.2003703.s013
Dark skin=/=Black. But let's burst the bubble:Western hunter-gatherers (WHGs)
The Mesolithic La Braņa, Loschbour WHGs, the Upper Palaeolithic Villabruna individual, and the
Neolithic KO1 individual, which has a genetic makeup of a WHGs [27], had dark skin and blue eyes
based on their allelic states at the rs1426654, rs16891982 and rs12913832 SNPs [1,2,16,27]; an
observation supported by their high probabilities of blue eye color inferred by Hirisplex in this study.
The Upper Paleolithic Bichon from central Europe [15] had likely dark-skin and brown eyes (S1
Table). The dark skin and blue eyes phenotype combination was likely very common among WHGs
and it has been inferred for four out of five Mesolithic and Upper Paleolithic individuals in western and
central Europe. Moreover, the allelic states at the h-1 defining positions suggest that La Braņa,
Loschbour and Villabruna carried this haplotype. The haplotype determination was inconclusive for the
remaining individuals due to alternative alleles and missing data at informative positions. All
individuals from this group were predicted to have a dark hair color, where Loschbour, Villabruna and
Bichon probably had black hair, whereas La Braņa and KO1 present similar probabilities of having
brown or black hair (S1 Table).
Samara Hunter Gatherer lived some >7000 years ago, and was Blonde haired, blue eyed and pale skinned.Eastern hunter-gatherers (EHGs)
The Karelian and Samaran Russian Mesolithic hunter gatherers [3] are currently the best
representatives of a group of EHGs that migrated and admixed with WHGs to form SHGs. Mathieson
et al [28] recently reported data from another Karelian Mesolithic hunter gatherer (sample I0211), with
low coverage (0.136X across all captured SNPs), preventing pigmentation characterization. Hirisplex
skin and hair color predictions suggest some opposing pigmentation patterns for the EHG individuals.
The Karelian individual presents high probabilities of being brown-eyed (0.99), and having a dark hair
(0.96). Without speculating about the genetic architecture of skin pigmentation, we suggest an
intermediate skin-pigmentation phenotype for the Karelia individual, as it carried the ancestral allele at
rs16891982 and the derived allele at rs1426654 (S1 Table). The presence of the rs1426654 light-skin
allele, in addition to five additional C11-associated alleles at haplotype defining SNPs (S1 Table)
suggests that the Karelian individual carried the C11 light-skin haplotype. The Samaran individual
exhibits high probabilities of being blue-eyed (0.88), light hair shade (0.99); most likely being blond
(0.75). The two skin pigmentation SNPs suggest that the Samaran individual was light-skinned. In
summary, the EHGs had high frequencies of the light-skin variants and intermediate frequencies of the
blue-eye variants.
But wait there is more, and this one is a screamer!
So light skin and modern day European pale phenotype+blonde hair+blue eyes dates back to over 7000 years ago, that's the problem with Ancient DNA, when a new study comes out, it makes articles written prior to it, essentially meaningless. Also, most (90%+) the farmers sequenced to date, the people who moved back into Africa were also paled skinned with brown eyes. So there is that!Scandinavian hunter-gatherers (SHGs)
The SHG group includes the seven individuals from this study, the six Motala hunter-gatherers [2], and
the Neolithic Ajvide 58 hunter-gatherer [29]. From SHGs sequenced in this study, we obtained an eye
and hair pigmentation portrait for SF9, Hum2, SBj and SF12. No pigmentation predictions were
generated for the SF11, Hum1 and Steigen samples, due to missing data at the relevant positions. Out
of the four individuals with a Hirisplex prediction, both light and dark pigmentation phenotypes were
observed. SBj and SF12 exhibited high probabilities of being blue-eyed (0.91 and 0.88, respectively),
while SF9 and Hum2 were predicted to have been brown eyed. The high-coverage and high quality
genome of SF12 carried two copies of the h-1 haplotype (defined by the homozygous state of all h-1
haplotype SNPs, S1 Table). SF12 and Hum2 likely had dark hair (p=0.75 and p=0.99), while SF9 and
SBj had light hair (p=0.58 and p=0.90). SBj presented slightly higher probabilities of being blond
(0.52) than having black, brown or red hair.
The common feature of the skin-pigmentation SNPs among these Scandinavian hunter-gatherers was a
mix of light and dark skin alleles at either rs16891982 or rs1426654 (S1 Table). The Hum2 individual
exhibited only derived haplotype-associated alleles at the 16 C11-defining positions, suggesting that
Hum2 had at least one copy of this haplotype. SF9 and Steigen present derived variants at 8 and 13 out
of the 16 screened positions, respectively. Even though both Steigen and SF9 lacked information for
the core SNP rs1426654, Steigen only carried C11-associated alleles at rs1834640, rs2675345,
rs938505 positions, and SF9 at rs1834640 and rs938505, which distinguish C11 from other SLC24A5
haplotypes. SF12 exhibits a different haplotype, C9, compared to the other SHGs, and carries the
ancestral allele at the core SNP rs1426654, indicating dark skin pigmentation.
A Hirisplex eye and hair color prediction was obtained for the six hunter-gatherers from Motala [2,3].
Interestingly, all individuals exhibited high probabilities of being blue-eyed (0.71-0.92). The Motala2,
Motala3, Motala4 and Motala12 individuals most likely had a dark hair color (0.70-0.99), while
Motala1 and Motala6 had a light shaded hair (~0.91); they may have been blond (~0.60). Similar to
SF9, SF11, SF12, SBj, Hum1, Hum2 and Steigen, the Motala hunter-gatherers presented a combination
of light and dark skin pigmentation alleles. Only Motala2 presented exclusively light-skin variants at
both rs16891982 and rs1426654. Motala12 exhibited only haplotype-defining derived alleles at both
the h-1 and the C11 associated positions. The combination of C11-associated alleles at the rs1834640
and rs2675345 SNPs with a light-pigmentation allele at the core SNP rs1426654, suggest that Motala2
and Motala4 individuals carried the C11 haplotype as well.
One last thing, I have no dog on the Egyptian debate, but going by DNA evidence it is more than obvious that the descendants of most of the Ancient Egyptians are the modern day Egyptians, with the Copts being the closest to some of the Dynasties, I'm sure the Sudanese people would be closer to other Dynasties Royals.
West Africans sure as hell are not close to any of the Ancient Egyptians, so you wasn't Egyptian Kangs and Shit! Well, actually the Malian Empire might be a better place to look at for royal ancestry in Africa.
Last edited by jeanL; 02-12-2019 at 01:21 AM.
There's I think 5 official traditional kingdoms in Uganda and I don't know how many in Nigeria. Lesotho and Swaziland are both monarchies. There's kings for days in Africa. I look forward to the day they start testing and joining FTDNA projects.
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