Population genomics of the Viking world (bioxiv, 2019, Copenhagen)

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I had a fun night of downloading 200 GB of raw data, just covering R1a and a couple other branches of interest for later review.

Also took a quick look at the terminal branches for samples under R1a1a1b1a3a2a (R-CTS8401):

VK422  Norway_Hedmark 4304;		Viking, 10th century CE;		R1a1a1b1a3a2   > R-YP392
VK238  Faroe_Sandoy_Church2_grave22;	Early modern, 16-17th centuries CE;	R1a1a1b1a3a2a  > R-YP396
VK414  Norway_Oppland 1517;		Viking, 10-11th centuries CE;		R1a1a1b1a3a2a  > R-PH12
VK354  Oland_1026;			Viking, 986 ± 38 CE;			R1a1a1b1a3a2a1 > R-S6752
VK498  Estonia_Salme_II_SM10602:XXXII;	EarlyViking, 8th century CE;		R1a1a1b1a3a2a1 > R-S6752

So R1a all seems to be downstream of R-Z284, which is perhaps what we expect.

[Ebizur]

VK504 Estonia_Salme_I-1 Estonia Salme 8th century CE N1a1a1a1a1a H28a
VK481 Estonia_Salme_II-F Estonia Salme 8th century CE N1a1a1a1a1a1a T2a1a
VK489 Estonia_Salme_II-Ä Estonia Salme 8th century CE N1a1a1a1a1a1a T2e1
VK505 Estonia_Salme_I-2 Estonia Salme 8th century CE N1a1a1a1a1a1a J1b1a1b
VK508 Estonia_Salme_I-5 Estonia Salme 8th century CE N1a1a1a1a1a1a J1c5
VK512 Estonia_Salme_II-Ü Estonia Salme 8th century CE N1a1a1a1a1a1a H2a2b1
VK550 Estonia_Salme_II-D Estonia Salme 8th century CE N1a1a1a1a1a1a1b V
VK419 Norway_Nordland 1522 Norway Nordland 6-10th centuries CE N1a1a1a1a1a1a U5b1b1g1
VK224 Russia_Gnezdovo 78-249 Russia Gnezdovo 10-11th centuries CE N1a1a1a1a1a H7a1
VK430 Gotland_Frojel-00502 Sweden Frojel 900-1050 CE N1a1a1a1a1a T1a1b
VK461 Gotland_Frojel-025A89 Sweden Frojel 900-1050 CE N1a1a1a1a1a2a1a H7b
VK51 Gotland_Kopparsvik-88/64 Sweden Kopparsvik 900-1050 CE N1a1a1a1a1a1a U5b1e1
VK579 Oland 1099 1785/67 35 Sweden Oland 200-400 CE N1a1a1a1a H1s
VK533 Oland 1076 28364 35 Sweden Oland 9-11th centuries CE N1a1a1a1a1a1a H13a1a1e
VK399 Sweden_Skara 276 Sweden Varnhem 10-12th centuries CE N1a1a1a1a1a1a H4a1a1a
VK406 Sweden_Skara 203 Sweden Varnhem 10-12th centuries CE N1a1a1a1a1a1a K1a4a1
VK395 Sweden_Skara 275 Sweden Varnhem 10-12th centuries CE N1a1a1a1a1a2a1a2 X2c1

None of these members of Y-DNA haplogroup N-Tat belongs to an mtDNA haplogroup of Eastern Eurasian origin or affinity.

Does any specimen for which at least the mtDNA haplogroup has been reported belong to an Eastern Eurasian mtDNA haplogroup?

[Norfern-Ostrobothnian]

None of these members of Y-DNA haplogroup N-Tat belongs to an mtDNA haplogroup of Eastern Eurasian origin or affinity.

Does any specimen for which at least the mtDNA haplogroup has been reported belong to an Eastern Eurasian mtDNA haplogroup?

By this time and especially in Estonia any East Eurasian mtDNA would have been diluted, if it ever existed. N-Tat in my opinion could have been introduced to a west Eurasian population very early on and then it spread through Europe.

[evon]

. And several individuals in Norway were buried as Vikings, but their genes identified them as Saami, an Indigenous group genetically closer to East Asians and Siberians than to Europeans

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020...na-study-shows

I guess Finland is not in Europe anymore?

[Michalis Moriopoulos]

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020...na-study-shows

Science journalists are often as uninformed as they are sensationalist.

[Norfern-Ostrobothnian]

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020...na-study-shows

I guess Finland is not in Europe anymore?

I see only one sample that clusters with the Saami at all, and even then Saami are still by far closer to Finns than to say Nganasans, not to mention East Asians.
But I think it's neat to have even one more Saami sample along.

[Generalissimo]

So R1a all seems to be downstream of R-Z284, which is perhaps what we expect.

Of course not. There's M458 as well.

[Ebizur]

By this time and especially in Estonia any East Eurasian mtDNA would have been diluted, if it ever existed. N-Tat in my opinion could have been introduced to a west Eurasian population very early on and then it spread through Europe.

The situation in the Baltic appears to contrast with the Pannonian Plain, where conquerors of late antiquity and the early middle ages apparently carried large amounts of Siberian and/or East Asian autosomal DNA and mtDNA.

Despite that fact, the present-day Finns appear to contain greater proportions of East Eurasian autosomal DNA and mtDNA than the present-day Hungarians, though the numbers for Finns are quite miniscule, too (and possibly ascribable to assimilation of erstwhile Saami populations of the interior of Finland).

[Norfern-Ostrobothnian]

The situation in the Baltic appears to contrast with the Pannonian Plain, where conquerors of late antiquity and the early middle ages apparently carried large amounts of Siberian and/or East Asian autosomal DNA and mtDNA.

Despite that fact, the present-day Finns appear to contain greater proportions of East Eurasian autosomal DNA and mtDNA than the present-day Hungarians, though the numbers for Finns are quite miniscule, too (and possibly ascribable to assimilation of erstwhile Saami populations of the interior of Finland).

I sometimes get as much as 10% Nganasan for Finns on qpAdm so I wouldn't call it insignificant, although Saami might be a source for a good chunk of it. I also think Nganasans are just a proxy for something more western, and the proportion gets bigger if Nenets is used in Nganasan's stead.

[Riverman]

Is there any possibility, please, to see what the VK362 has below the E-V13?

Yes, would be interesting, he was one of the possibly Slavic influenced samples.