Hi,
I can show that South Asia is the root of the tree for most Eurasians out of Africa.
I know there has been a lot of speculation regarding an Indo European migration into South Asia. This is currently refuted as it can be seen that South Asia is the root of the tree for Eurasians after they left Africa, so this explains the EHG and ANE affinity of Northern South Asians. Further, there is significant West Asian Farmer (Iranian, Anatolian, CHG, Balochi) DNA in Bronze Age steppe groups such as Yamnaya, Afanasievo, Maikop compared with EHG, AG3, Botai, MA1. Therefore, it is strongly refuted that IE originated in the steppe.
Basal and North Eurasians are derived from South Asia
I have been looking at this for a long time and can show this in different ways, but this is the simplest way of looking at it.
In the 1240K HO db there are two Andaman Island samples, Ong and Jarawa. We assume they are the closest to the first Eurasians outside of Africa. We then compare the affinity of all Eurasians to these two, vs each other. We find that Basal Eurasian is on one end of the spectrum, the one closest to Jarawa vs Ong, and ANE/East Asian are on the other end, closest to Ong.
All other groups are in the middle, so we can see that the Basal and North Eurasian split occurred very early and effects every sample, even the oldest one we have, Ust Ishim, at 45Ky. We can place every Eurasian smoothly on this 'cline', thus defining their position in the Basal vs North Eurasian spectrum.
d(Jarawa, Ong; Pop;Yoruba)
Attachment 38022
This is not great though, as the standard error tells us. So, I reformulated the query.
d(Yoruba, Jarawa; Pop, Ong)
Attachment 38023
The smooth gradient of affinity shows that this must stem from the earliest populations that split into Basal and North Eurasian. Clearly, this must be rooted in the earliest populations of South Asia, as that is the only place where West and North Eurasian can converge geographically. Further, modern South Asians are closer to Jarawa in the West and Ong in the East, preserving to some extent this cline to the present.
It is likely, in my opinion, that this is due to early South Asians populations being split between East and West, with the Western population based around the Baluchistan/Sind/Gujarat area and the other cluster more towards the East and North.
Indo European
The above explains the affinity of (Northern) South Asians to ANE, and by proxy to Bronze Age steppe groups. There is little evidence remaining for the Aryan Migration theory. South Asia has very diverse Eurasian Y-DNA HGs due to being at the root of the tree.
Furthermore, there is lots of West Asian farmer DNA in IE steppe groups, more than ANE in Iranians. This is clear to see, so I wont post data on it here.
Originally Posted by Philjames
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