Current thinking regarding ancient movement from Southern China into northern Taiwan

[BalkanKiwi]

I've been catching up on some reading regarding Austronesian's, specifically Taiwanese indigenous peoples, and their potential genetic relationship with Mainland China. I came across this article that discusses the work by Professor Fu and her team. This article states:

Archaeological materials dating back to the Middle Neolithic have long hinted at the connection between Austronesian islanders and populations in mainland East Asia. Now, the genetic relationships uncovered by Prof. Fu and her team show unambiguous evidence that Austronesian speakers today originated from a proto-Austronesian population that derived from southern China at least 8,400 year ago.

This article by Chang et al, titled A holistic picture of Austronesian migrations revealed by phylogeography of Pacific paper mulberry, reports paper mulberries in particular were likely transported between Southern China, possibly Fujian, to Taiwan.

Sagart et al mention in this article, A northern Chinese origin of Austronesian agriculture: new evidence on traditional Formosan cereals, and state:

We trace this suite of cereals to northeastern China in the period 6000–5000 BCE and argue, following earlier proposals, that the precursors of the Austronesians, expanded south along the coast from Shandong after c. 5000 BCE to reach northwest Taiwan in the second half of the 4th millennium BCE.

I've also come across some literature that suggests the Liangzhu culture to be the likely origin of Austronesian's.

For those here with more knowledge regarding East Asian migration, is the current general consensus in line with a Southern China origin? I can't find any peer reviewed papers, or recent papers for that matter, that support the Liangzhu claim.

[Kulin]

It is very probable since the site contains high incidence of O-M175. Archaeologically however, I cannot say. Also based on modern results, it would make sense. Generally, populations in maritime south-east Asia/Oceania with the greatest Austronesian genetic impact (e.g. certain Highlanders) are more "northern" than their surrounding counterparts, with this component decreasing as one proceeds southwards/westwards. This component most likely came from more inland areas. I would imagine that the Austronesian uremheit would've started off with a stronger base with the ability to support a greater population like the areas around the Yangtze River rather than the highlands of Taiwan.

[BalkanKiwi]

It is very probable since the site contains high incidence of O-M175. Archaeologically however, I cannot say. Also based on modern results, it would make sense. Generally, populations in maritime south-east Asia/Oceania with the greatest Austronesian genetic impact (e.g. certain Highlanders) are more "northern" than their surrounding counterparts, with this component decreasing as one proceeds southwards/westwards. This component most likely came from more inland areas. I would imagine that the Austronesian uremheit would've started off with a stronger base with the ability to support a greater population like the areas around the Yangtze River rather than the highlands of Taiwan.

I've had a bit more time to find somewhat more recent related studies. I certainly agree with areas around the Yangtze valley as a whole. Here are a few I've found which point to more evidence of such an origin. I've included abstracts for each.

Ancient DNA Evidence From China Reveals the Expansion of Pacific Dogs

The ancestral homeland of Australian dingoes and Pacific dogs is proposed to be in South China. However, the location and timing of their dispersal and relationship to dog domestication is unclear. Here, we sequenced 7,000- to 2,000-year-old complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of 27 ancient canids (one gray wolf and 26 domestic dogs) from the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins. These are the first complete ancient mtDNA of Chinese dogs from the cradle of early Chinese civilization. We found that most ancient dogs (18/26) belong to the haplogroup A1b lineage that is found in high frequency in present-day Australian dingoes and precolonial Pacific Island dogs but low frequency in present-day China. Particularly, a 7,000-year-old dog from the Tianluoshan site in Zhejiang province possesses a haplotype basal to the entire haplogroup A1b lineage. We propose that A1b lineage dogs were once widely distributed in the YYRB area. Following their dispersal to South China, and then into Southeast Asia, New Guinea and remote Oceania, they were largely replaced by dogs belonging to other lineages in the last 2,000 years in present-day China, especially North China.

Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern China

Human genetic history in East Asia is poorly understood. To clarify population relationships, we obtained genome wide data from 26 ancient individuals from northern and southern East Asia spanning 9,500-300 years ago. Genetic differentiation was higher in the past than the present, reflecting a major episode of admixture involving northern East Asian ancestry spreading across southern East Asia after the Neolithic, transforming the genetic ancestry of southern China. Mainland southern East Asian and Taiwan Strait island samples from the Neolithic show clear connections with modern and ancient samples with Austronesian-related ancestry, supporting a southern China origin for proto-Austronesians. Connections among Neolithic coastal groups from Siberia and Japan to Vietnam indicate that migration and gene flow played an important role in the prehistory of coastal Asia.

In regards to the above article, I found the paragraph below particularly interesting from the full paper, especially as someone who has conducted some modelling with the ancient Vanuatu and Tongan samples:

We further investigated connections between the ancient samples and 3,000-year-old Southwest Pacific islanders from Vanuatu (10), who share a close relationship to present-day Austronesians. The Neolithic samples from mainland southern China and the Taiwan Strait islands group with the ancient Vanuatu samples in a maximum-likelihood tree (b.s. = 82.3-100%, Fig. 2A and fig. S5) and share high genetic similarity with the Vanuatu in an outgroup f3-analysis (Fig. 1D). Moreover, a direct f4-comparison demonstrates that Late Neolithic southern East Asians share a close genetic relationship with these Austronesian-related Southwest Pacific islanders (fig. S4A), with no excess connections from either group to Neolithic northern East Asians. These results further support the proposed connection between Neolithic southern East Asians and proto-Austronesians (29).

Quantifying the Legacy of the Chinese Neolithic on the Maternal Genetic Heritage of Taiwan and Island Southeast Asia

There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to resolve the overall proportion that participated in the "out-of-Taiwan" mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier, postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show that, in total, about 20% of mtDNA lineages in the modern ISEA pool result from the "out-of-Taiwan" dispersal, with most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum. Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters previously entered Taiwan from China, 6-7 ka, where rice-farming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal into ISEA.

I couldn't find any archaeological studies to accompany the genetic studies, however there appears to be strong genetic evidence regardless. There may actually be archaeological studies available and I just haven't found them yet.

[Kulin]

I've had a bit more time to find somewhat more recent related studies. I certainly agree with areas around the Yangtze valley as a whole. Here are a few I've found which point to more evidence of such an origin. I've included abstracts for each.

Ancient DNA Evidence From China Reveals the Expansion of Pacific Dogs



Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern China



In regards to the above article, I found the paragraph below particularly interesting from the full paper, especially as someone who has conducted some modelling with the ancient Vanuatu and Tongan samples:



Quantifying the Legacy of the Chinese Neolithic on the Maternal Genetic Heritage of Taiwan and Island Southeast Asia



I couldn't find any archaeological studies to accompany the genetic studies, however there appears to be strong genetic evidence regardless. There may actually be archaeological studies available and I just haven't found them yet.

Great studies, thanks for posting! It would make sense uni-parental wise as well, given that most clades of O that are today considered Austronesian are found in minor (with a few being significant) amounts as far north as North East China. Going by historical records, we know that throughout Chinese history, the island of Taiwan was largely left alone. Aside from a few pirates and rebels, the area was off limits to most Han and was only colonized in the Qing period. This would mean that the remaining Austronesian cultures that did not migrate to islands in the Pacific were absorbed/assimilated by groups like the Han. This would thus support the uremheit of the Austronesian peoples being in mainland China.

[BalkanKiwi]

Great studies, thanks for posting! It would make sense uni-parental wise as well, given that most clades of O that are today considered Austronesian are found in minor (with a few being significant) amounts as far north as North East China. Going by historical records, we know that throughout Chinese history, the island of Taiwan was largely left alone. Aside from a few pirates and rebels, the area was off limits to most Han and was only colonized in the Qing period. This would mean that the remaining Austronesian cultures that did not migrate to islands in the Pacific were absorbed/assimilated by groups like the Han. This would thus support the uremheit of the Austronesian peoples being in mainland China.

You're welcome! I agree with it making sense uni-parental wise as well. Out of interest, here is the maternal haplogroup migration figure from the Brandão et al study:



I've had a quick attempt at modelling the ancient Vanuatu samples with the inclusion of some of the East Asian samples. It's a bit messy fit wise so I need to work on it. Ideally we would have more ancient DNA instead of the need to mix ancient with modern.

I went and quickly modeled myself with the inclusion of the Yellow River population. This is unscaled with penalty applied:

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► BalkanKiwi
Fit:	0.5374
Results:	Scottish	37
	Irish	29.5
	English	16.5
	Croatian	14
	Nasoi	2
	Yellow River LN	1

There is probably a better ancient China sample I could use with further research. Yellow River was a quick one to put in geography wise. Interestingly the most my grandmother gets is 0.5%.

EDIT:

If I replace Nasoi with Kosipe which is a better fitting Papuan like population from a previous OptimaFit run, and replace Yellow River with Xitoucun, Xitoucun is higher than Kosipe. Its possible the Xitoucun sample has something that's causing it to be inflated.

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► BalkanKiwi
Fit:	0.644
Results:	Irish	50
	English	34.5
	Croatian	13
	Xitoucun N	1.5
	Kosipe	1

If I replace Kosipe with Nasoi then Xitoucun drops a bit. The percentage doesn't matter, but its interesting to see the fluctuation when mixing these populations.

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► BalkanKiwi
Fit:	0.6343
Results:	Irish	52
	English	31.5
	Croatian	14
	Nasoi	2
	Xitoucun N	0.5

EDIT 2:

I went and ran an OptimaFit running with the following model, based off data from the Yang et al study mentioned in this thread:

Unscaled with penalty



The result:

 GenoPlot

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► BalkanKiwi
Fit:	1.3279
Results:	England MBA	85.4
	HRV EBA	6
	Xitoucun N	4.4
	Scotland N o	4.2

The percentage is inflated, but it seems to fit with the PCA findings by Yang et al in regards to Xitoucun's proximity to ancient Vanuatu. If data for the Suogang sample was available, its possible this would be a better fit. My model may not be ideal, which has led to the inflated values.

[BalkanKiwi]

After some help from ph2ter and further running of models, I've seemed to validate my suspicion that Xitoucun contains some Austronesian, hence why it fits the above models with an inflated percentage. Below is an Admix3 unscaled run that ph2ter kindly performed on the Xitoucun sample:

Ami + Luzon + Miao 0.013814
Ami + Ami + Tujia 0.013820
Ami + Han_Chongqing + Luzon 0.013871
Ami + Ami + Han_Chongqing 0.013909

54% Ami + 21% Han_Hubei + 25% Gelao 0.011678
51% Ami + 32% Zhuang + 17% Han_Hubei 0.011835
56% Ami + 25% Han_Chongqing + 19% Gelao 0.011855
34% Ami + 20% Luzon + 46% Dong_Hunan 0.011889

Taking this information and out of interest, I then ran the other ancient samples from southern China to see roughly how much Austronesian they contains compared to East Asian. These are all unscaled runs with penalty applied.

Chuanyun Historic

Sample:	Chuanyun Historic ► Average
Fit:	1.3479
Results:	Han Hubei	71
	Upper Yellow River IA	12
	Ami	10.5
	Miao	6.5

Tanshishan N

Sample:	Tanshishan N ► Average
Fit:	1.4456
Results:	Ami	68.5
	Gelao	27
	Miao	2.5
	Han Hubei	2

Xitoucun

Sample:	Xitoucun N ► Average
Fit:	1.0848
Results:	Ami	55.5
	Gelao	27
	Han Hubei	13
	Miao	4.5

Qihe (This is the best fit I can get so far with some quick attempts at fitting populations in)

Sample:	Qihe N ► Average
Fit:	2.6939
Results:	Zhuang	48.5
	Luzon	29.5
	Gelao	22

Liangdao1

Sample:	Liangdao1 N ► Average
Fit:	1.5406
Results:	Ami	40
	Miao	26
	Agta	20.5
	Luzon	13.5

It seems Chuanyun is the only southern Chinese sample that is majority East Asian and does not contain much Austronesian from any backwards migration, so we'll use this as the sample of choice for the below modelling, as it could be assumed any percentage scored is likely represenative of actual East Asian. I recreated the rough ancient and modern models for myself, and this time used Chuanyun instead of Xitoucun.

Unscaled with penalty with ancient samples

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► BalkanKiwi
Fit:	1.3642
Results:	England CA EBA	86
	HRV EBA	9
	Levant Natufian	3.5
	Chuanyun Historic	1
	2900BP all (Vanuatu)	0.5

Unscaled with penalty with modern samples

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► BalkanKiwi
Fit:	0.6126
Results:	Irish	50
	English	35.5
	Croatian	10
	Samaritan	3
	Kosipe	1
	Chuanyun Historic	0.5

I wanted to validate this with samples that have more Oceanian ancestry than myself. This is where some of the ghost samples I created for my family come in handy.

Grandmother ancient (real data, Vanuatu sample included but no percentage assigned)

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► BKGrandmother
Fit:	1.3528
Results:	England CA EBA	89
	IRL BA	9
	Chuanyun Historic	2

Grandmother modern (real data)

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► BKGrandmother
Fit:	0.6896
Results:	Irish	65.5
	English	32
	Nasoi	1.5
	Chuanyun Historic	1

Great grandfather ghost sample ancient

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► BKGreatgrandfatherMaori
Fit:	0.9133
Results:	England CA EBA	64.5
	IRL BA	32
	Chuanyun Historic	2
	2900BP all	1.5

Great grandfather ghost sample modern

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► BKGreatgrandfatherMaori
Fit:	0.1521
Results:	English	50.5
	Welsh	45.5
	Maori	3.5
	Chuanyun Historic	0.5

2nd great grandmother ghost sample ancient

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► BK2ndGreatgrandmotherMaori
Fit:	0.897
Results:	England CA EBA	62.5
	IRL BA	32
	2900BP all	3
	Chuanyun Historic	2.5

2nd great grandmother ghost sample modern

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► BK2ndGreatgrandmotherMaori
Fit:	0.3118
Results:	English	53
	Welsh	42.5
	Maori	2.5
	Chuanyun Historic	2

3rd great grandmother ghost sample ancient

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► Eleanortest
Fit:	0.9191
Results:	England CA EBA	65
	IRL BA	24
	2900BP all	7
	Chuanyun Historic	4

3rd great grandmother ghost sample modern

Sample:	Balkan Kiwi ► Eleanortest
Fit:	0.3197
Results:	Welsh	46.5
	English	36
	Maori	14
	Chuanyun Historic	3.5

I might need to do more work, but the above findings may help to validate some of the research that suggests a southern China origin. It seems quite a few of the ancient samples contain Austronesian, which is why these may plot close to Oceanian peoples. This is also a good example of how OptimaFit can be misleading if not interpreted correctly in the context of the samples selected.

[loxias]

It is very probable since the site contains high incidence of O-M175. Archaeologically however, I cannot say. Also based on modern results, it would make sense. Generally, populations in maritime south-east Asia/Oceania with the greatest Austronesian genetic impact (e.g. certain Highlanders) are more "northern" than their surrounding counterparts, with this component decreasing as one proceeds southwards/westwards. This component most likely came from more inland areas. I would imagine that the Austronesian uremheit would've started off with a stronger base with the ability to support a greater population like the areas around the Yangtze River rather than the highlands of Taiwan.

Much agreed. Autosomal data from Liangzhu culture individuals and others from the lower Yangtze like Hemudu is long overdue. I am convinced they will cluster along with the Neolithic Fujian samples and ancient Taiwanese as well.
There is substantial linguistic evidence that Tai-Kadai and Austronesian are related clades, or that they were in very close contact in their early stages. Some argue that Tai-Kadai followed the inland route whereas Austronesians left via Taiwan. Lower Yangtze cultures may provide the missing link.

I tried running East Asian populations through Vahaduo using a selection of ancient (almost exclusively Neolithic) samples. I tried to classify the ancient samples the least arbitrarily possible, I put the Lao and Vietnam neolithic together as "Indochina_N", the Southern East Asian samples from the Melinda Yang studies together as "Fujian_N", the Northern East Asian samples from her study as "Shandong_N", Taiwan_Hanben and Taiwan_Gongguan together as "Taiwan_N", etc... I put the Yellow River valley samples that clustered together into "Yellow_River_N", etc... You can see the whole list below.

 

Indochina_N:VNM_LN,0.0163143,-0.3875937,-0.0568197,-0.0402673,0.1348967,0.0703733,-0.0036033,-0.0036923,-0.0100217,-0.0145787,0.0582973,0.002947,-0.006442,-0.012386,0.0081887,-0.0002653,0.0080403,-0.0089527,0.000838,0.004419,-0.0024957,0.007337,-0.0058747,-0.0076713,0.028181
Indochina_N:VNM_N,0,-0.386917,-0.064865,-0.031008,0.134333,0.06038,0.0036425,-0.010961,-0.0138055,-0.014579,0.0695835,-0.001499,-0.002007,0.001376,0.0169655,-0.0031155,-0.0011085,0.00076,-0.0020115,0.01532,-0.0034935,0.0084085,0.0030195,-0.0063865,0.034009
Indochina_N:LAO_LN_BA,0.005691,-0.40215,-0.083721,-0.034561,0.15049,0.078089,-0.002585,-0.012692,-0.006136,-0.018588,0.089801,0.004346,-0.012785,0.010184,0.003393,-0.005701,-0.002477,0.0019,-0.00088,0.026388,-0.016845,0.02201,-0.011955,0.001325,0.039038
Indochina_P:LAO_Hoabinhian,-0.025041,-0.224432,-0.11917,0.087856,0.022466,-0.001952,-0.003055,0.01223,0.060539,0.018406,0.012829,0.0011 99,-0.000446,0.006055,-0.007872,-0.006364,-0.00352,-0.00076,-0.005531,0.023386,0.006988,0.013107,-0.017131,-0.001325,0.003712
Andaman_P:IND_Great_Andamanese_100BP,-0.018212,-0.235603,-0.128598,0.098838,0.023389,-0.003904,-0.016686,-0.003231,0.059721,0.02041,0.023222,0.004646,-0.0055,0.001239,-0.016151,-0.008884,0.009518,0.001014,-0.004902,0.026888,-0.00549,0.011994,-0.013311,-0.001205,0.000958
Papuan,-0.045985,-0.241087,-0.263758,0.309242,0.206931,-0.509589,-0.001974,0.007015,-0.041273,-0.011955,-0.018902,0.000869,0.001397,-0.00311,0.000163,-0.000318,-0.00219,-0.00185,-0.001081,-0.001526,0.002346,0.001805,0.001232,0.001832,0.001 605
Heilongjiang_N:CHN_Amur_River_EN,0.025041,-0.4595275,0.097674,-0.036822,-0.0809385,-0.060101,0.0200935,0.0271145,0.0140095,0.014579,-0.023059,0.0062945,0.00498,-0.0052295,-0.003868,0.0059665,-0.0020865,0.001267,0.0098045,0.024762,-0.011043,-0.0200315,-0.020028,-0.009158,-0.0088015
Shandong_N:CHN_Bianbian_N,0.015935,-0.443786,0.028284,-0.052003,0.024312,-0.005299,-0.002585,0.000231,-0.00225,0.011663,-0.073887,-0.006744,0.004906,-0.007844,-0.011943,0.001724,0.004303,0.004687,0.002011,0.004 127,0.022086,-0.001731,-0.003451,-0.005181,-0.008981
Shandong_N:CHN_Boshan_N,0.01935,-0.444802,0.032432,-0.062339,0.012618,0.002789,0.009635,0.003,-0.007772,0.008201,-0.074861,-0.009891,0.009812,-0.008533,-0.010315,-0.005701,-0.004042,0.003801,-0.000377,-0.002126,0.013726,0.003215,0.005793,-0.005543,-0.005628
Fujian_N:CHN_Liangdao1_N,0.002276,-0.409258,-0.052043,-0.038114,0.107405,0.046575,-0.006345,-0.01523,-0.020657,-0.013485,0.021922,0.009292,-0.003122,0.000138,0.015879,0.001326,0.004824,0,-0.008045,-0.006378,0.005116,-0.011005,-0.002588,-0.009278,-0.03341
Fujian_N:CHN_Liangdao2_N,0.006829,-0.407227,-0.052043,-0.040052,0.112944,0.045459,0.00141,-0.004384,-0.005931,-0.008565,0.034589,0.003747,-0.010406,0.001927,0.007736,0.012066,0.00352,0.0048 14,0.005028,-0.00988,0.007237,-0.011005,0.013188,-0.01687,-0.02874
Fujian_N:CHN_Qihe_N,0.005691,-0.372699,-0.057322,-0.01615,0.096018,0.035698,-0.005875,-0.007615,-0.003477,-0.002916,0.013641,-0.004646,-0.000743,-0.01445,-0.002036,-0.004773,0.004433,0.000507,0.008422,0.007128,0.009 982,-0.00371,0.005053,-0.013134,-0.017483
Yellow_River_N:CHN_Shimao_LN,0.018781,-0.451403,0.023004,-0.062662,0.028159,0.0079485,0.006815,0.0012695,-0.00859,0.009567,-0.0937795,-0.008093,0.007582,-0.008257,-0.0110615,-0.0024525,-0.0029985,0.002217,-0.006599,-6.25e-05,0.0090465,0.0097685,0.0071485,0.0025905,0.01706 45
Fujian_N:CHN_Tanshishan_N,0.005691,-0.427538,-0.04186,-0.058463,0.123408,0.055778,-0.00846,-0.01823,-0.020043,-0.024055,0.035076,3e-04,-0.004906,0.003578,-0.000271,0.014585,0.001825,0.001267,0.003017,-0.012256,0.005865,-0.009398,0.002958,-0.007832,-0.03341
China_P:CHN_Tianyuan,-0.027318,-0.260991,-0.075424,0.071383,0.033545,-0.018407,-0.00799,-0.003,0.040291,0.021322,-0.006333,-0.005995,-0.003568,-0.00523,-0.000407,-0.000663,0.008084,0.002407,-0.001131,0.027263,-0.001747,0.008037,-0.008874,-0.010845,0.011256
Yellow_River_N:CHN_Upper_Yellow_River_LN,0.0170734 ,-0.4421616,0.022778,-0.0515508,0.0196344,-0.0039602,0.0089774,0.0057692,-0.0035588,0.0106792,-0.0916846,-0.0111202,0.0117144,-0.0013762,-0.0077904,-0.0013258,-0.0005476,-0.0033952,-0.0051536,0.0010756,0.0009234,0.0163468,0.0057188, 0.0008918,0.025794
CHN_Western_Liao_River_MN,0.0199195,-0.444294,0.0503455,-0.051034,-0.007386,-0.0182675,0.0050525,0.0064615,0.003375,0.011663,-0.0765665,-0.008992,0.0086965,-0.00406,-0.007804,-0.003381,-0.0013695,0.005384,0.002577,0.009317,0.0033065,-0.0043275,-0.0094285,-0.001386,-0.0020955
Shandong_N:CHN_Xiaogao_N,0.005691,-0.437693,0.025644,-0.048773,0.011694,-0.008925,-0.003995,0.003692,-0.000205,0.011481,-0.075835,-0.007493,0.00669,-0.002202,-0.004207,0.004641,0.002477,0.001774,-0.00088,-0.007754,0.014474,-0.002473,-0.002711,0.001687,-0.011256
Shandong_N:CHN_Xiaojingshan_N,0.012141,-0.4383703,0.0250157,-0.052003,0.0229783,-0.0105053,-0.0044653,0.0010767,-0.007363,0.010205,-0.0803823,-0.0115397,0.0122397,-0.0031193,-0.0077813,-0.0079553,-0.00013,0.0016047,0.004106,-0.0042103,0.0137257,-0.0002883,0.0098187,-0.006145,-0.005788
Fujian_N:CHN_Xitoucun_N,0.0085365,-0.431092,-0.037335,-0.058786,0.125562,0.0496425,0.0001175,-0.011538,-0.0223955,-0.013759,0.015995,0.004421,0.003865,-0.001514,0.0068535,0.0021215,-0.000326,0.0041805,0.0024515,-0.0123805,0.018842,-0.017435,0.0094285,-0.0102425,-0.024369
Yellow_River_N:CHN_Yellow_River_LN,0.0166466,-0.4503874,0.0109365,-0.0657709,0.0545101,0.0217886,0.0037894,0.0012404,-0.0097149,0.0040092,-0.0851524,-0.0100032,0.0123945,-0.0059179,-0.0088896,-0.000895,0.001483,-0.0003801,-0.0048392,-0.0075191,0.0172975,0.007543,0.0128639,-0.0006476,0.0073496
Yellow_River_N:CHN_Yellow_River_MN,0.0166182,-0.4441924,0.0136518,-0.0588506,0.0390226,0.0112114,0.0082252,0.0014306,-0.0015546,0.0055034,-0.092269,-0.01106,0.0142414,-0.0075692,-0.0129476,-0.0003978,0.0051112,-0.0020522,-0.0057318,-0.0019008,0.0136762,0.015704,0.0105996,-0.002458,0.0122624
CHN_Yumin_N,0.018212,-0.427538,0.066373,-0.032946,-0.049548,-0.04016,0.00705,0.012461,0.010022,0.021504,-0.063656,-0.006894,0.002825,0.001101,-0.008143,-0.002387,0.004172,0.002534,0.003017,0.019509,-0.012728,0.000989,-0.017131,-0.002651,0.007305
RUS_Sintashta_MLBA,0.125389,0.1158031,0.0572615,0. 0789266,0.011327,0.0284468,0.005678,0.0041909,-0.0174834,-0.0282348,-0.0024254,0.0012473,-0.0030739,-0.0212915,0.0226566,0.0124762,-0.0050555,0.0004086,-6.9e-05,-0.0007423,-0.0059089,0.0020542,0.0026159,0.0066506,-0.0039363
RUS_Shamanka_N,0.0309599,-0.4147422,0.0950344,-0.0157947,-0.0868469,-0.0482203,0.0053815,0.010061,0.0147054,0.0125196,-0.0160603,-0.0018134,0.0035828,-0.0078032,-0.0046552,-0.0032088,-0.0025164,0.0005827,0.0064608,0.0178333,-0.0170449,-0.0059478,-0.0165151,-0.0032051,0.0046943
Eurasia_P:RUS_Ust_Ishim,-0.050082,-0.11577,-0.090886,0.073644,0.027082,-0.018128,-0.00376,-0.004384,0.0452,0.010387,0.006008,-0.001798,0.000149,-0.003991,0.004614,-0.001724,-0.004955,0.004687,-0.005154,0.015382,0.006613,0.008532,-0.007641,-0.014942,0.007784
Taiwan_N:TWN_Gongguan,0.009106,-0.455973,-0.032432,-0.075905,0.142796,0.070559,-0.008695,-0.011999,-0.030065,-0.024602,0.052614,-0.003147,0.008474,-0.003303,0.009908,0.008618,-0.012778,0.006714,0.012821,-0.013256,0.00549,-0.032397,-0.001109,-0.008194,-0.061192
Taiwan_N:TWN_Hanben,0.0155393,-0.4419318,-0.0435985,-0.0634906,0.1387417,0.064642,-0.0045365,-0.0134342,-0.0232624,-0.0208937,0.0412537,0.0034991,-0.002999,-0.0035123,0.0102085,0.0065775,-0.0008786,0.0056239,0.0068097,-0.0128105,0.0079044,-0.0258488,0.0022506,-0.0087176,-0.0486288
RUS_Devils_Gate_Cave_N,0.0162197,-0.4440402,0.0722185,-0.0511148,-0.0373912,-0.0395328,0.0034075,0.0084802,0.0064935,0.019408,-0.048595,-0.004833,-0.0030848,0.0086702,-0.0096025,-0.0133915,-0.0007825,0.0089,0.0174408,0.0100362,0.008828,-0.027729,-0.0174702,-0.00244,-0.0145795
RUS_Baikal_N,0.0430252,-0.343452,0.0849276,0.0036176,-0.0836464,-0.041722,-0.000282,-0.0036,0.0105126,0.0064146,0.003475,-0.0038366,0.0046976,-0.013267,-0.006786,-0.003262,-0.0056584,0.0033192,0.0057068,0.017033,-0.0176192,-0.0064548,-0.0078632,-0.0056874,0.0050056
RUS_Boisman_MN,0.0211091,-0.4479409,0.0741897,-0.0434875,-0.0510025,-0.0405914,0.0098064,0.0122512,0.0104122,0.0256788,-0.0416157,-0.001771,-0.0011488,0.0091707,-0.0088958,-0.0082809,-0.0038997,0.0051713,0.0127068,0.0145636,0.0032444,-0.0328355,-0.0255795,0.0015227,-0.0190509
Nepal_N:NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP,0.012521,-0.410274,-0.011691,-0.031331,0.017542,0.011435,0.00658,0.011999,0.0100 22,0.021139,-0.081194,-0.006444,0.010109,-0.004679,-0.011401,0,0.011213,-0.001267,-0.009302,0.009379,0.004991,0.029306,0.004314,0.003 615,0.031734
MNG_North_N,0.0237403,-0.4314549,0.0890541,-0.0247326,-0.0815536,-0.0521129,0.0134964,0.0145379,0.0179981,0.020098,-0.029346,-0.0013703,0.0013593,-0.0051314,-0.0056033,-0.0039967,0.0038743,0.0006154,0.0038967,0.020331,-0.0196439,-0.0037801,-0.0166207,-0.0061969,0.0076981
MNG_East_N,0.025041,-0.4427705,0.0788185,-0.0347225,-0.074937,-0.056336,0.0172735,0.015461,0.0166685,0.0266065,-0.0353195,-0.0038215,0.001264,0.0030965,-0.008279,-0.006696,0.002347,0.002027,0.004211,0.019009,-0.0150985,-0.006801,-0.0272995,-0.008736,0.0049695
Japan_P:JPN_Jomon,0.011003,-0.3440953,-0.0537398,0.0124893,0.038161,0.0139448,-0.0020758,-0.0015383,0.024577,0.0205622,-0.049718,-0.0068938,0.0096878,-0.0069958,-0.023819,-0.0154467,0.006454,0.0099242,0.0024722,-0.0060655,0.0639705,-0.0456895,0.0091615,0.0112062,-0.0994323
Sakhalin_P:RUS_Sakhalin_HG,0.011382,-0.380824,-0.011314,-0.00646,-0.007386,-0.008367,-0.004935,0.009923,0.019839,0.023508,-0.038161,-0.005245,0.002825,0.007707,-0.044381,-0.007425,0.009779,0.010642,0.01257,-0.001501,0.049288,-0.037838,-0.001849,0.004338,-0.055444
Yemenite_Al_Bayda,0.0387,0.13862,-0.062665,-0.107398,-0.010156,-0.04848,-0.013161,-0.010153,0.054131,-0.005983,0.010961,-0.028799,0.050916,0.004106,0.006379,0.024198,-0.018471,0.007158,0.000838,0.017925,0.009774,0.016 178,-0.007436,0.001125,-0.003752
Yemenite_Al_Jawf,0.049228,0.141412,-0.063073,-0.115554,-0.010694,-0.047342,-0.0094,-0.007154,0.058136,-0.002597,0.012869,-0.031435,0.057309,0.003888,0.0038,0.01959,-0.02047,0.003991,0.003174,0.022136,0.0107,0.014715 ,-0.013064,0.008555,-0.008562
Yemenite_Amran,0.045855,0.135428,-0.061525,-0.101445,-0.01486,-0.042152,-0.008729,-0.007763,0.04501,-0.004256,0.01175,-0.022962,0.04651,0.005259,0.003994,0.017256,-0.014137,0.004253,0.001832,0.015704,0.006925,0.009 521,-0.00633,0.004174,-0.004781
Yemenite_Dhamar,0.035538,0.141159,-0.058537,-0.110574,-0.009574,-0.047225,-0.013735,-0.008025,0.049245,-0.007856,0.013785,-0.026393,0.049273,0.005948,0.003484,0.015248,-0.016211,0.004575,0.000656,0.017036,0.010107,0.011 417,-0.006957,0.004231,-0.00306
Yemenite_Jew,0.051383,0.144785,-0.063248,-0.114066,-0.011827,-0.046694,-0.013496,-0.008868,0.048969,-0.006274,0.011321,-0.026612,0.053985,0.003244,0.003529,0.017161,-0.024549,0.003475,0.006411,0.024958,0.012888,0.015 987,-0.007095,0.004648,-0.006894
Yemenite_Ma'rib,0.044846,0.143799,-0.061244,-0.117056,-0.009232,-0.047913,-0.011045,-0.004569,0.053626,-0.007581,0.014712,-0.027126,0.051437,0.005587,0.000489,0.020154,-0.021383,0.00451,0.002589,0.018309,0.01143,0.01313 2,-0.006729,0.004651,-0.005485
Yemenite_Mahra,0.054256,0.136081,-0.068259,-0.121197,-0.003727,-0.056305,-0.01303,-0.00882,0.06288,-0.002045,0.016798,-0.032571,0.065741,0.005841,0.008053,0.027078,-0.021064,0.002872,-0.001913,0.024831,0.013726,0.016089,-0.008737,0.002785,-0.005229
Balochi,0.068863,0.051876,-0.100628,0.030739,-0.072603,0.031491,0.005582,0.001577,-0.022736,-0.020805,-0.003884,-0.002148,0.003927,-0.008017,0.015958,0.030098,-0.010137,0.002924,0.007269,-0.026513,-0.001071,-0.015209,0.00037,-0.016097,0.013761

Doing this some interesting things emerge :
Island Southeast Asian Austronesian speakers rarely have any Fujian_N, while they have plenty of Taiwan_N. (Indochina_N seems associated with Austroasiatic speakers who brought agriculture to SEA first).
Examples :
Target: Vizayan
Distance: 2.0229% / 0.02022883
79.6 Taiwan_N
12.4 Andaman_P
3.8 Papuan
2.4 Indochina_N
1.4 Balochi
0.4 RUS_Sintashta_MLBA

Target: Murut
Distance: 3.2876% / 0.03287562
75.6 Taiwan_N
23.6 Indochina_N
0.8 Papuan

Target: Malay
Distance: 1.2098% / 0.01209770
47.6 Indochina_N
37.8 Taiwan_N
5.4 Andaman_P
5.0 Balochi
2.0 Heilongjiang_N
1.8 Papuan
0.4 Fujian_N

Target: Luzon
Distance: 1.5305% / 0.01530544
92.8 Taiwan_N
5.8 Andaman_P
0.8 Papuan
0.6 Indochina_N

Target: Indonesian_Java
Distance: 1.6886% / 0.01688639
76.2 Indochina_N
20.6 Taiwan_N
1.8 Balochi
1.4 Papuan

Target: Indonesian_Bali
Distance: 1.7210% / 0.01721027
68.4 Indochina_N
24.6 Taiwan_N
3.4 Balochi
2.8 Papuan
0.8 Andaman_P

Target: Igorot
Distance: 2.5493% / 0.02549250
99.2 Taiwan_N
0.8 Papuan

Target: Hawaiian
Distance: 2.3967% / 0.02396728
87.2 Taiwan_N
5.6 Papuan
4.8 Eurasia_P
1.6 Fujian_N
0.8 Yemenite_Dhamar

Target: Dusun
Distance: 3.4344% / 0.03434402
74.4 Taiwan_N
22.2 Indochina_N
1.6 Andaman_P
1.4 Papuan
0.4 Balochi

Interestingly enough, this is also the case with Hans from China. They are overwhelmingly Yellow_River_N (core area of Han ethnogenesis), but also have notable Taiwan_N and very little Fujian_N.

Target: Han_Zhejiang
Distance: 1.4022% / 0.01402175
82.0 Yellow_River_N
18.0 Taiwan_N

Target: Han_Sichuan
Distance: 1.1237% / 0.01123679
77.8 Yellow_River_N
13.6 Taiwan_N
8.6 Indochina_N

Target: Han_Shanxi
Distance: 1.1660% / 0.01166024
81.2 Yellow_River_N
8.6 Taiwan_N
8.4 Shandong_N
1.8 RUS_Sintashta_MLBA

Target: Han_Shanghai
Distance: 2.6239% / 0.02623907
88.4 Yellow_River_N
10.2 Taiwan_N
1.4 Balochi

Target: Han_Shandong
Distance: 1.0208% / 0.01020753
82.0 Yellow_River_N
11.6 Taiwan_N
4.8 Shandong_N
1.6 Japan_P

Target: Han_Jiangsu
Distance: 1.3404% / 0.01340370
86.4 Yellow_River_N
13.6 Taiwan_N

Target: Han_Hubei
Distance: 1.4266% / 0.01426600
75.4 Yellow_River_N
24.6 Taiwan_N

Target: Han_Henan
Distance: 1.3143% / 0.01314317
77.2 Yellow_River_N
13.8 Shandong_N
8.0 Taiwan_N
0.8 RUS_Sintashta_MLBA
0.2 Balochi

Target: Han_Guangdong
Distance: 2.5838% / 0.02583799
57.8 Yellow_River_N
32.0 Taiwan_N
10.2 Indochina_N

Target: Han_Fujian
Distance: 2.0583% / 0.02058327
69.2 Yellow_River_N
26.6 Taiwan_N
2.6 Fujian_N
1.6 Indochina_N

Target: Han_Chongqing
Distance: 2.0372% / 0.02037211
71.8 Yellow_River_N
13.8 Taiwan_N
9.8 Indochina_N
4.6 Fujian_N

As you can see, even contemporary Fujian has very little Fujian_N. This seems to indicate that Taiwan_N may have been an outpost of a larger population which must have lived further North (Yangtze river?). This population would have mixed in with incoming Hans from the Yellow River and spread South with them, displacing Fujian_N and Indochina_N populations.

Now, what is interesting is that Fujian_N does show up in sizeable amounts (alongside Taiwan_N) in Tai-Kadai speaking populations!
Target: Dong_Guizhou
Distance: 2.7921% / 0.02792090
44.8 Yellow_River_N
20.0 Taiwan_N
19.8 Fujian_N
15.4 Indochina_N

Target: Dong_Hunan
Distance: 2.8814% / 0.02881357
49.0 Yellow_River_N
24.6 Taiwan_N
14.0 Indochina_N
12.4 Fujian_N

Target: Dai
Distance: 3.2025% / 0.03202547
30.8 Indochina_N
27.8 Fujian_N
27.0 Yellow_River_N
14.4 Taiwan_N

Target: Gelao
Distance: 2.8998% / 0.02899804
36.0 Yellow_River_N
29.6 Indochina_N
18.2 Fujian_N
16.2 Taiwan_N

Target: Li
Distance: 3.7371% / 0.03737077
34.6 Taiwan_N
25.2 Fujian_N
24.8 Yellow_River_N
15.4 Indochina_N

Target: Maonan
Distance: 3.4506% / 0.03450643
33.4 Yellow_River_N
32.6 Taiwan_N
21.8 Indochina_N
12.2 Fujian_N

Target: Thai
Distance: 1.6800% / 0.01679960
49.8 Indochina_N
12.6 Yellow_River_N
9.8 Nepal_N
7.4 Fujian_N
6.8 Balochi
6.8 Japan_P
5.0 Taiwan_N
1.8 Andaman_P

Target: Zhuang
Distance: 3.0162% / 0.03016189
35.6 Yellow_River_N
23.8 Taiwan_N
20.4 Fujian_N
20.2 Indochina_N

Interestingly enough, Hmong-Mien speakers as well as Kinhs from Vietnam (Austroasiatic) also have inflated Fujian_N, whereas other Austroasiatic speakers don't.

In light of this, I think Taiwan_Hanben and Taiwan_Gongguan are better proxies for the spread of Austronesian languages for now, whereas the host of Fujian samples probably represent an early off-shoot from the Tai-Kadai branch.

[Ebizur]

Much agreed. Autosomal data from Liangzhu culture individuals and others from the lower Yangtze like Hemudu is long overdue. I am convinced they will cluster along with the Neolithic Fujian samples and ancient Taiwanese as well.
There is substantial linguistic evidence that Tai-Kadai and Austronesian are related clades, or that they were in very close contact in their early stages. Some argue that Tai-Kadai followed the inland route whereas Austronesians left via Taiwan. Lower Yangtze cultures may provide the missing link.

I tried running East Asian populations through Vahaduo using a selection of ancient (almost exclusively Neolithic) samples. I tried to classify the ancient samples the least arbitrarily possible, I put the Lao and Vietnam neolithic together as "Indochina_N", the Southern East Asian samples from the Melinda Yang studies together as "Fujian_N", the Northern East Asian samples from her study as "Shandong_N", Taiwan_Hanben and Taiwan_Gongguan together as "Taiwan_N", etc... I put the Yellow River valley samples that clustered together into "Yellow_River_N", etc... You can see the whole list below.

Doing this some interesting things emerge :
Island Southeast Asian Austronesian speakers rarely have any Fujian_N, while they have plenty of Taiwan_N. (Indochina_N seems associated with Austroasiatic speakers who brought agriculture to SEA first).
Examples :
Target: Vizayan
Distance: 2.0229% / 0.02022883
79.6 Taiwan_N
12.4 Andaman_P
3.8 Papuan
2.4 Indochina_N
1.4 Balochi
0.4 RUS_Sintashta_MLBA

...

Interestingly enough, this is also the case with Hans from China. They are overwhelmingly Yellow_River_N (core area of Han ethnogenesis), but also have notable Taiwan_N and very little Fujian_N.

Target: Han_Zhejiang
Distance: 1.4022% / 0.01402175
82.0 Yellow_River_N
18.0 Taiwan_N

...

As you can see, even contemporary Fujian has very little Fujian_N. This seems to indicate that Taiwan_N may have been an outpost of a larger population which must have lived further North (Yangtze river?). This population would have mixed in with incoming Hans from the Yellow River and spread South with them, displacing Fujian_N and Indochina_N populations.

Now, what is interesting is that Fujian_N does show up in sizeable amounts (alongside Taiwan_N) in Tai-Kadai speaking populations!
Target: Dong_Guizhou
Distance: 2.7921% / 0.02792090
44.8 Yellow_River_N
20.0 Taiwan_N
19.8 Fujian_N
15.4 Indochina_N

Target: Dong_Hunan
Distance: 2.8814% / 0.02881357
49.0 Yellow_River_N
24.6 Taiwan_N
14.0 Indochina_N
12.4 Fujian_N

...

Interestingly enough, Hmong-Mien speakers as well as Kinhs from Vietnam (Austroasiatic) also have inflated Fujian_N, whereas other Austroasiatic speakers don't.

In light of this, I think Taiwan_Hanben and Taiwan_Gongguan are better proxies for the spread of Austronesian languages for now, whereas the host of Fujian samples probably represent an early off-shoot from the Tai-Kadai branch.

According to kolgeh, a specimen from the Xitoucun site belongs to O2a1-F573 (a parent clade of O2a1c-JST002611, which currently has a pan-East Asian distribution), and a specimen from the Tanshishan site belongs to O1b1a1a1a-F1252 (a parent clade of O1b1a1a1a1a-M111/M88, which has been observed mainly in Daic people and Vietnamese, and of O1b1a1a1a2-SK1630, which has been observed mainly in Hmongic-speaking people in Hunan). Neither O2a1-F573 nor O1b1a1a1a-F1252 is generally found among present-day speakers of Austronesian languages (although Trejaut et al. 2014 have observed O2a1c-JST002611 in 6/24 = 25% of a sample of Ivatan from the northernmost isles of the Philippines and O1b1a1a1a1a-M111/M88 in 21/56 = 37.5% of a sample of Bunun from Taiwan).

Y chr Haplogroup Assignments:

XJS1309_M4 Xiaojingshan N1b1:F4201 (~N-F2905)
BS Boshan N1b1:F4201 (~N-F2905)
L5696_d Tanshishan O1b1a1a1a:F1252 (~O-F1252)
L5701_d Xitoucun O2a1:F573 (~O-L465) LowCoverage
L7415 Tanshishan O1a2:M50 (~O-M110)
LD1 Liangdao1 O1a (~O-M119)
I3612 Taiwan_Hanben O2a2b2a2b (~O-F706)
I3733 Taiwan_Hanben O1a1a1a1 (~O-F78)
I3736 Taiwan_Hanben O1a1a1a1 (~O-F78)
I3614 Taiwan_Hanben O2a2b2b1 (~O-Y125645)
I3618 Taiwan_Hanben O2a2b2a2b (~O-F706)
I3731 Taiwan_Hanben O1a1a1a1 (~O-F78)
I3734 Taiwan_Hanben O2a2a1a2a2 (~O-Y26395)
I14934 Taiwan_Hanben O1a1a1a1 (~O-F78)
I8080 Taiwan_Hanben O1a1a1a (~O-F140)
I8081 Taiwan_Hanben O1a1a1a (~O-F140)
I13695 Taiwan_Hanben O1a1a1a (~O-F140)

I used published genotype files to make these assignments.
List of positive and negative calls for each sample.

[Ryukendo]

Much agreed. Autosomal data from Liangzhu culture individuals and others from the lower Yangtze like Hemudu is long overdue. I am convinced they will cluster along with the Neolithic Fujian samples and ancient Taiwanese as well.
There is substantial linguistic evidence that Tai-Kadai and Austronesian are related clades, or that they were in very close contact in their early stages. Some argue that Tai-Kadai followed the inland route whereas Austronesians left via Taiwan. Lower Yangtze cultures may provide the missing link.

I tried running East Asian populations through Vahaduo using a selection of ancient (almost exclusively Neolithic) samples. I tried to classify the ancient samples the least arbitrarily possible, I put the Lao and Vietnam neolithic together as "Indochina_N", the Southern East Asian samples from the Melinda Yang studies together as "Fujian_N", the Northern East Asian samples from her study as "Shandong_N", Taiwan_Hanben and Taiwan_Gongguan together as "Taiwan_N", etc... I put the Yellow River valley samples that clustered together into "Yellow_River_N", etc... You can see the whole list below.

 

Indochina_N:VNM_LN,0.0163143,-0.3875937,-0.0568197,-0.0402673,0.1348967,0.0703733,-0.0036033,-0.0036923,-0.0100217,-0.0145787,0.0582973,0.002947,-0.006442,-0.012386,0.0081887,-0.0002653,0.0080403,-0.0089527,0.000838,0.004419,-0.0024957,0.007337,-0.0058747,-0.0076713,0.028181
Indochina_N:VNM_N,0,-0.386917,-0.064865,-0.031008,0.134333,0.06038,0.0036425,-0.010961,-0.0138055,-0.014579,0.0695835,-0.001499,-0.002007,0.001376,0.0169655,-0.0031155,-0.0011085,0.00076,-0.0020115,0.01532,-0.0034935,0.0084085,0.0030195,-0.0063865,0.034009
Indochina_N:LAO_LN_BA,0.005691,-0.40215,-0.083721,-0.034561,0.15049,0.078089,-0.002585,-0.012692,-0.006136,-0.018588,0.089801,0.004346,-0.012785,0.010184,0.003393,-0.005701,-0.002477,0.0019,-0.00088,0.026388,-0.016845,0.02201,-0.011955,0.001325,0.039038
Indochina_P:LAO_Hoabinhian,-0.025041,-0.224432,-0.11917,0.087856,0.022466,-0.001952,-0.003055,0.01223,0.060539,0.018406,0.012829,0.0011 99,-0.000446,0.006055,-0.007872,-0.006364,-0.00352,-0.00076,-0.005531,0.023386,0.006988,0.013107,-0.017131,-0.001325,0.003712
Andaman_P:IND_Great_Andamanese_100BP,-0.018212,-0.235603,-0.128598,0.098838,0.023389,-0.003904,-0.016686,-0.003231,0.059721,0.02041,0.023222,0.004646,-0.0055,0.001239,-0.016151,-0.008884,0.009518,0.001014,-0.004902,0.026888,-0.00549,0.011994,-0.013311,-0.001205,0.000958
Papuan,-0.045985,-0.241087,-0.263758,0.309242,0.206931,-0.509589,-0.001974,0.007015,-0.041273,-0.011955,-0.018902,0.000869,0.001397,-0.00311,0.000163,-0.000318,-0.00219,-0.00185,-0.001081,-0.001526,0.002346,0.001805,0.001232,0.001832,0.001 605
Heilongjiang_N:CHN_Amur_River_EN,0.025041,-0.4595275,0.097674,-0.036822,-0.0809385,-0.060101,0.0200935,0.0271145,0.0140095,0.014579,-0.023059,0.0062945,0.00498,-0.0052295,-0.003868,0.0059665,-0.0020865,0.001267,0.0098045,0.024762,-0.011043,-0.0200315,-0.020028,-0.009158,-0.0088015
Shandong_N:CHN_Bianbian_N,0.015935,-0.443786,0.028284,-0.052003,0.024312,-0.005299,-0.002585,0.000231,-0.00225,0.011663,-0.073887,-0.006744,0.004906,-0.007844,-0.011943,0.001724,0.004303,0.004687,0.002011,0.004 127,0.022086,-0.001731,-0.003451,-0.005181,-0.008981
Shandong_N:CHN_Boshan_N,0.01935,-0.444802,0.032432,-0.062339,0.012618,0.002789,0.009635,0.003,-0.007772,0.008201,-0.074861,-0.009891,0.009812,-0.008533,-0.010315,-0.005701,-0.004042,0.003801,-0.000377,-0.002126,0.013726,0.003215,0.005793,-0.005543,-0.005628
Fujian_N:CHN_Liangdao1_N,0.002276,-0.409258,-0.052043,-0.038114,0.107405,0.046575,-0.006345,-0.01523,-0.020657,-0.013485,0.021922,0.009292,-0.003122,0.000138,0.015879,0.001326,0.004824,0,-0.008045,-0.006378,0.005116,-0.011005,-0.002588,-0.009278,-0.03341
Fujian_N:CHN_Liangdao2_N,0.006829,-0.407227,-0.052043,-0.040052,0.112944,0.045459,0.00141,-0.004384,-0.005931,-0.008565,0.034589,0.003747,-0.010406,0.001927,0.007736,0.012066,0.00352,0.0048 14,0.005028,-0.00988,0.007237,-0.011005,0.013188,-0.01687,-0.02874
Fujian_N:CHN_Qihe_N,0.005691,-0.372699,-0.057322,-0.01615,0.096018,0.035698,-0.005875,-0.007615,-0.003477,-0.002916,0.013641,-0.004646,-0.000743,-0.01445,-0.002036,-0.004773,0.004433,0.000507,0.008422,0.007128,0.009 982,-0.00371,0.005053,-0.013134,-0.017483
Yellow_River_N:CHN_Shimao_LN,0.018781,-0.451403,0.023004,-0.062662,0.028159,0.0079485,0.006815,0.0012695,-0.00859,0.009567,-0.0937795,-0.008093,0.007582,-0.008257,-0.0110615,-0.0024525,-0.0029985,0.002217,-0.006599,-6.25e-05,0.0090465,0.0097685,0.0071485,0.0025905,0.01706 45
Fujian_N:CHN_Tanshishan_N,0.005691,-0.427538,-0.04186,-0.058463,0.123408,0.055778,-0.00846,-0.01823,-0.020043,-0.024055,0.035076,3e-04,-0.004906,0.003578,-0.000271,0.014585,0.001825,0.001267,0.003017,-0.012256,0.005865,-0.009398,0.002958,-0.007832,-0.03341
China_P:CHN_Tianyuan,-0.027318,-0.260991,-0.075424,0.071383,0.033545,-0.018407,-0.00799,-0.003,0.040291,0.021322,-0.006333,-0.005995,-0.003568,-0.00523,-0.000407,-0.000663,0.008084,0.002407,-0.001131,0.027263,-0.001747,0.008037,-0.008874,-0.010845,0.011256
Yellow_River_N:CHN_Upper_Yellow_River_LN,0.0170734 ,-0.4421616,0.022778,-0.0515508,0.0196344,-0.0039602,0.0089774,0.0057692,-0.0035588,0.0106792,-0.0916846,-0.0111202,0.0117144,-0.0013762,-0.0077904,-0.0013258,-0.0005476,-0.0033952,-0.0051536,0.0010756,0.0009234,0.0163468,0.0057188, 0.0008918,0.025794
CHN_Western_Liao_River_MN,0.0199195,-0.444294,0.0503455,-0.051034,-0.007386,-0.0182675,0.0050525,0.0064615,0.003375,0.011663,-0.0765665,-0.008992,0.0086965,-0.00406,-0.007804,-0.003381,-0.0013695,0.005384,0.002577,0.009317,0.0033065,-0.0043275,-0.0094285,-0.001386,-0.0020955
Shandong_N:CHN_Xiaogao_N,0.005691,-0.437693,0.025644,-0.048773,0.011694,-0.008925,-0.003995,0.003692,-0.000205,0.011481,-0.075835,-0.007493,0.00669,-0.002202,-0.004207,0.004641,0.002477,0.001774,-0.00088,-0.007754,0.014474,-0.002473,-0.002711,0.001687,-0.011256
Shandong_N:CHN_Xiaojingshan_N,0.012141,-0.4383703,0.0250157,-0.052003,0.0229783,-0.0105053,-0.0044653,0.0010767,-0.007363,0.010205,-0.0803823,-0.0115397,0.0122397,-0.0031193,-0.0077813,-0.0079553,-0.00013,0.0016047,0.004106,-0.0042103,0.0137257,-0.0002883,0.0098187,-0.006145,-0.005788
Fujian_N:CHN_Xitoucun_N,0.0085365,-0.431092,-0.037335,-0.058786,0.125562,0.0496425,0.0001175,-0.011538,-0.0223955,-0.013759,0.015995,0.004421,0.003865,-0.001514,0.0068535,0.0021215,-0.000326,0.0041805,0.0024515,-0.0123805,0.018842,-0.017435,0.0094285,-0.0102425,-0.024369
Yellow_River_N:CHN_Yellow_River_LN,0.0166466,-0.4503874,0.0109365,-0.0657709,0.0545101,0.0217886,0.0037894,0.0012404,-0.0097149,0.0040092,-0.0851524,-0.0100032,0.0123945,-0.0059179,-0.0088896,-0.000895,0.001483,-0.0003801,-0.0048392,-0.0075191,0.0172975,0.007543,0.0128639,-0.0006476,0.0073496
Yellow_River_N:CHN_Yellow_River_MN,0.0166182,-0.4441924,0.0136518,-0.0588506,0.0390226,0.0112114,0.0082252,0.0014306,-0.0015546,0.0055034,-0.092269,-0.01106,0.0142414,-0.0075692,-0.0129476,-0.0003978,0.0051112,-0.0020522,-0.0057318,-0.0019008,0.0136762,0.015704,0.0105996,-0.002458,0.0122624
CHN_Yumin_N,0.018212,-0.427538,0.066373,-0.032946,-0.049548,-0.04016,0.00705,0.012461,0.010022,0.021504,-0.063656,-0.006894,0.002825,0.001101,-0.008143,-0.002387,0.004172,0.002534,0.003017,0.019509,-0.012728,0.000989,-0.017131,-0.002651,0.007305
RUS_Sintashta_MLBA,0.125389,0.1158031,0.0572615,0. 0789266,0.011327,0.0284468,0.005678,0.0041909,-0.0174834,-0.0282348,-0.0024254,0.0012473,-0.0030739,-0.0212915,0.0226566,0.0124762,-0.0050555,0.0004086,-6.9e-05,-0.0007423,-0.0059089,0.0020542,0.0026159,0.0066506,-0.0039363
RUS_Shamanka_N,0.0309599,-0.4147422,0.0950344,-0.0157947,-0.0868469,-0.0482203,0.0053815,0.010061,0.0147054,0.0125196,-0.0160603,-0.0018134,0.0035828,-0.0078032,-0.0046552,-0.0032088,-0.0025164,0.0005827,0.0064608,0.0178333,-0.0170449,-0.0059478,-0.0165151,-0.0032051,0.0046943
Eurasia_P:RUS_Ust_Ishim,-0.050082,-0.11577,-0.090886,0.073644,0.027082,-0.018128,-0.00376,-0.004384,0.0452,0.010387,0.006008,-0.001798,0.000149,-0.003991,0.004614,-0.001724,-0.004955,0.004687,-0.005154,0.015382,0.006613,0.008532,-0.007641,-0.014942,0.007784
Taiwan_N:TWN_Gongguan,0.009106,-0.455973,-0.032432,-0.075905,0.142796,0.070559,-0.008695,-0.011999,-0.030065,-0.024602,0.052614,-0.003147,0.008474,-0.003303,0.009908,0.008618,-0.012778,0.006714,0.012821,-0.013256,0.00549,-0.032397,-0.001109,-0.008194,-0.061192
Taiwan_N:TWN_Hanben,0.0155393,-0.4419318,-0.0435985,-0.0634906,0.1387417,0.064642,-0.0045365,-0.0134342,-0.0232624,-0.0208937,0.0412537,0.0034991,-0.002999,-0.0035123,0.0102085,0.0065775,-0.0008786,0.0056239,0.0068097,-0.0128105,0.0079044,-0.0258488,0.0022506,-0.0087176,-0.0486288
RUS_Devils_Gate_Cave_N,0.0162197,-0.4440402,0.0722185,-0.0511148,-0.0373912,-0.0395328,0.0034075,0.0084802,0.0064935,0.019408,-0.048595,-0.004833,-0.0030848,0.0086702,-0.0096025,-0.0133915,-0.0007825,0.0089,0.0174408,0.0100362,0.008828,-0.027729,-0.0174702,-0.00244,-0.0145795
RUS_Baikal_N,0.0430252,-0.343452,0.0849276,0.0036176,-0.0836464,-0.041722,-0.000282,-0.0036,0.0105126,0.0064146,0.003475,-0.0038366,0.0046976,-0.013267,-0.006786,-0.003262,-0.0056584,0.0033192,0.0057068,0.017033,-0.0176192,-0.0064548,-0.0078632,-0.0056874,0.0050056
RUS_Boisman_MN,0.0211091,-0.4479409,0.0741897,-0.0434875,-0.0510025,-0.0405914,0.0098064,0.0122512,0.0104122,0.0256788,-0.0416157,-0.001771,-0.0011488,0.0091707,-0.0088958,-0.0082809,-0.0038997,0.0051713,0.0127068,0.0145636,0.0032444,-0.0328355,-0.0255795,0.0015227,-0.0190509
Nepal_N:NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP,0.012521,-0.410274,-0.011691,-0.031331,0.017542,0.011435,0.00658,0.011999,0.0100 22,0.021139,-0.081194,-0.006444,0.010109,-0.004679,-0.011401,0,0.011213,-0.001267,-0.009302,0.009379,0.004991,0.029306,0.004314,0.003 615,0.031734
MNG_North_N,0.0237403,-0.4314549,0.0890541,-0.0247326,-0.0815536,-0.0521129,0.0134964,0.0145379,0.0179981,0.020098,-0.029346,-0.0013703,0.0013593,-0.0051314,-0.0056033,-0.0039967,0.0038743,0.0006154,0.0038967,0.020331,-0.0196439,-0.0037801,-0.0166207,-0.0061969,0.0076981
MNG_East_N,0.025041,-0.4427705,0.0788185,-0.0347225,-0.074937,-0.056336,0.0172735,0.015461,0.0166685,0.0266065,-0.0353195,-0.0038215,0.001264,0.0030965,-0.008279,-0.006696,0.002347,0.002027,0.004211,0.019009,-0.0150985,-0.006801,-0.0272995,-0.008736,0.0049695
Japan_P:JPN_Jomon,0.011003,-0.3440953,-0.0537398,0.0124893,0.038161,0.0139448,-0.0020758,-0.0015383,0.024577,0.0205622,-0.049718,-0.0068938,0.0096878,-0.0069958,-0.023819,-0.0154467,0.006454,0.0099242,0.0024722,-0.0060655,0.0639705,-0.0456895,0.0091615,0.0112062,-0.0994323
Sakhalin_P:RUS_Sakhalin_HG,0.011382,-0.380824,-0.011314,-0.00646,-0.007386,-0.008367,-0.004935,0.009923,0.019839,0.023508,-0.038161,-0.005245,0.002825,0.007707,-0.044381,-0.007425,0.009779,0.010642,0.01257,-0.001501,0.049288,-0.037838,-0.001849,0.004338,-0.055444
Yemenite_Al_Bayda,0.0387,0.13862,-0.062665,-0.107398,-0.010156,-0.04848,-0.013161,-0.010153,0.054131,-0.005983,0.010961,-0.028799,0.050916,0.004106,0.006379,0.024198,-0.018471,0.007158,0.000838,0.017925,0.009774,0.016 178,-0.007436,0.001125,-0.003752
Yemenite_Al_Jawf,0.049228,0.141412,-0.063073,-0.115554,-0.010694,-0.047342,-0.0094,-0.007154,0.058136,-0.002597,0.012869,-0.031435,0.057309,0.003888,0.0038,0.01959,-0.02047,0.003991,0.003174,0.022136,0.0107,0.014715 ,-0.013064,0.008555,-0.008562
Yemenite_Amran,0.045855,0.135428,-0.061525,-0.101445,-0.01486,-0.042152,-0.008729,-0.007763,0.04501,-0.004256,0.01175,-0.022962,0.04651,0.005259,0.003994,0.017256,-0.014137,0.004253,0.001832,0.015704,0.006925,0.009 521,-0.00633,0.004174,-0.004781
Yemenite_Dhamar,0.035538,0.141159,-0.058537,-0.110574,-0.009574,-0.047225,-0.013735,-0.008025,0.049245,-0.007856,0.013785,-0.026393,0.049273,0.005948,0.003484,0.015248,-0.016211,0.004575,0.000656,0.017036,0.010107,0.011 417,-0.006957,0.004231,-0.00306
Yemenite_Jew,0.051383,0.144785,-0.063248,-0.114066,-0.011827,-0.046694,-0.013496,-0.008868,0.048969,-0.006274,0.011321,-0.026612,0.053985,0.003244,0.003529,0.017161,-0.024549,0.003475,0.006411,0.024958,0.012888,0.015 987,-0.007095,0.004648,-0.006894
Yemenite_Ma'rib,0.044846,0.143799,-0.061244,-0.117056,-0.009232,-0.047913,-0.011045,-0.004569,0.053626,-0.007581,0.014712,-0.027126,0.051437,0.005587,0.000489,0.020154,-0.021383,0.00451,0.002589,0.018309,0.01143,0.01313 2,-0.006729,0.004651,-0.005485
Yemenite_Mahra,0.054256,0.136081,-0.068259,-0.121197,-0.003727,-0.056305,-0.01303,-0.00882,0.06288,-0.002045,0.016798,-0.032571,0.065741,0.005841,0.008053,0.027078,-0.021064,0.002872,-0.001913,0.024831,0.013726,0.016089,-0.008737,0.002785,-0.005229
Balochi,0.068863,0.051876,-0.100628,0.030739,-0.072603,0.031491,0.005582,0.001577,-0.022736,-0.020805,-0.003884,-0.002148,0.003927,-0.008017,0.015958,0.030098,-0.010137,0.002924,0.007269,-0.026513,-0.001071,-0.015209,0.00037,-0.016097,0.013761

Doing this some interesting things emerge :
Island Southeast Asian Austronesian speakers rarely have any Fujian_N, while they have plenty of Taiwan_N. (Indochina_N seems associated with Austroasiatic speakers who brought agriculture to SEA first).
Examples :
Target: Vizayan
Distance: 2.0229% / 0.02022883
79.6 Taiwan_N
12.4 Andaman_P
3.8 Papuan
2.4 Indochina_N
1.4 Balochi
0.4 RUS_Sintashta_MLBA

Target: Murut
Distance: 3.2876% / 0.03287562
75.6 Taiwan_N
23.6 Indochina_N
0.8 Papuan

Target: Malay
Distance: 1.2098% / 0.01209770
47.6 Indochina_N
37.8 Taiwan_N
5.4 Andaman_P
5.0 Balochi
2.0 Heilongjiang_N
1.8 Papuan
0.4 Fujian_N

Target: Luzon
Distance: 1.5305% / 0.01530544
92.8 Taiwan_N
5.8 Andaman_P
0.8 Papuan
0.6 Indochina_N

Target: Indonesian_Java
Distance: 1.6886% / 0.01688639
76.2 Indochina_N
20.6 Taiwan_N
1.8 Balochi
1.4 Papuan

Target: Indonesian_Bali
Distance: 1.7210% / 0.01721027
68.4 Indochina_N
24.6 Taiwan_N
3.4 Balochi
2.8 Papuan
0.8 Andaman_P

Target: Igorot
Distance: 2.5493% / 0.02549250
99.2 Taiwan_N
0.8 Papuan

Target: Hawaiian
Distance: 2.3967% / 0.02396728
87.2 Taiwan_N
5.6 Papuan
4.8 Eurasia_P
1.6 Fujian_N
0.8 Yemenite_Dhamar

Target: Dusun
Distance: 3.4344% / 0.03434402
74.4 Taiwan_N
22.2 Indochina_N
1.6 Andaman_P
1.4 Papuan
0.4 Balochi

Interestingly enough, this is also the case with Hans from China. They are overwhelmingly Yellow_River_N (core area of Han ethnogenesis), but also have notable Taiwan_N and very little Fujian_N.

Target: Han_Zhejiang
Distance: 1.4022% / 0.01402175
82.0 Yellow_River_N
18.0 Taiwan_N

Target: Han_Sichuan
Distance: 1.1237% / 0.01123679
77.8 Yellow_River_N
13.6 Taiwan_N
8.6 Indochina_N

Target: Han_Shanxi
Distance: 1.1660% / 0.01166024
81.2 Yellow_River_N
8.6 Taiwan_N
8.4 Shandong_N
1.8 RUS_Sintashta_MLBA

Target: Han_Shanghai
Distance: 2.6239% / 0.02623907
88.4 Yellow_River_N
10.2 Taiwan_N
1.4 Balochi

Target: Han_Shandong
Distance: 1.0208% / 0.01020753
82.0 Yellow_River_N
11.6 Taiwan_N
4.8 Shandong_N
1.6 Japan_P

Target: Han_Jiangsu
Distance: 1.3404% / 0.01340370
86.4 Yellow_River_N
13.6 Taiwan_N

Target: Han_Hubei
Distance: 1.4266% / 0.01426600
75.4 Yellow_River_N
24.6 Taiwan_N

Target: Han_Henan
Distance: 1.3143% / 0.01314317
77.2 Yellow_River_N
13.8 Shandong_N
8.0 Taiwan_N
0.8 RUS_Sintashta_MLBA
0.2 Balochi

Target: Han_Guangdong
Distance: 2.5838% / 0.02583799
57.8 Yellow_River_N
32.0 Taiwan_N
10.2 Indochina_N

Target: Han_Fujian
Distance: 2.0583% / 0.02058327
69.2 Yellow_River_N
26.6 Taiwan_N
2.6 Fujian_N
1.6 Indochina_N

Target: Han_Chongqing
Distance: 2.0372% / 0.02037211
71.8 Yellow_River_N
13.8 Taiwan_N
9.8 Indochina_N
4.6 Fujian_N

As you can see, even contemporary Fujian has very little Fujian_N. This seems to indicate that Taiwan_N may have been an outpost of a larger population which must have lived further North (Yangtze river?). This population would have mixed in with incoming Hans from the Yellow River and spread South with them, displacing Fujian_N and Indochina_N populations.

Now, what is interesting is that Fujian_N does show up in sizeable amounts (alongside Taiwan_N) in Tai-Kadai speaking populations!
Target: Dong_Guizhou
Distance: 2.7921% / 0.02792090
44.8 Yellow_River_N
20.0 Taiwan_N
19.8 Fujian_N
15.4 Indochina_N

Target: Dong_Hunan
Distance: 2.8814% / 0.02881357
49.0 Yellow_River_N
24.6 Taiwan_N
14.0 Indochina_N
12.4 Fujian_N

Target: Dai
Distance: 3.2025% / 0.03202547
30.8 Indochina_N
27.8 Fujian_N
27.0 Yellow_River_N
14.4 Taiwan_N

Target: Gelao
Distance: 2.8998% / 0.02899804
36.0 Yellow_River_N
29.6 Indochina_N
18.2 Fujian_N
16.2 Taiwan_N

Target: Li
Distance: 3.7371% / 0.03737077
34.6 Taiwan_N
25.2 Fujian_N
24.8 Yellow_River_N
15.4 Indochina_N

Target: Maonan
Distance: 3.4506% / 0.03450643
33.4 Yellow_River_N
32.6 Taiwan_N
21.8 Indochina_N
12.2 Fujian_N

Target: Thai
Distance: 1.6800% / 0.01679960
49.8 Indochina_N
12.6 Yellow_River_N
9.8 Nepal_N
7.4 Fujian_N
6.8 Balochi
6.8 Japan_P
5.0 Taiwan_N
1.8 Andaman_P

Target: Zhuang
Distance: 3.0162% / 0.03016189
35.6 Yellow_River_N
23.8 Taiwan_N
20.4 Fujian_N
20.2 Indochina_N

Interestingly enough, Hmong-Mien speakers as well as Kinhs from Vietnam (Austroasiatic) also have inflated Fujian_N, whereas other Austroasiatic speakers don't.

In light of this, I think Taiwan_Hanben and Taiwan_Gongguan are better proxies for the spread of Austronesian languages for now, whereas the host of Fujian samples probably represent an early off-shoot from the Tai-Kadai branch.

Amazing work Loxias.

[BalkanKiwi]

Much agreed. Autosomal data from Liangzhu culture individuals and others from the lower Yangtze like Hemudu is long overdue. I am convinced they will cluster along with the Neolithic Fujian samples and ancient Taiwanese as well.
There is substantial linguistic evidence that Tai-Kadai and Austronesian are related clades, or that they were in very close contact in their early stages. Some argue that Tai-Kadai followed the inland route whereas Austronesians left via Taiwan. Lower Yangtze cultures may provide the missing link.

I tried running East Asian populations through Vahaduo using a selection of ancient (almost exclusively Neolithic) samples. I tried to classify the ancient samples the least arbitrarily possible, I put the Lao and Vietnam neolithic together as "Indochina_N", the Southern East Asian samples from the Melinda Yang studies together as "Fujian_N", the Northern East Asian samples from her study as "Shandong_N", Taiwan_Hanben and Taiwan_Gongguan together as "Taiwan_N", etc... I put the Yellow River valley samples that clustered together into "Yellow_River_N", etc... You can see the whole list below.

 

Indochina_N:VNM_LN,0.0163143,-0.3875937,-0.0568197,-0.0402673,0.1348967,0.0703733,-0.0036033,-0.0036923,-0.0100217,-0.0145787,0.0582973,0.002947,-0.006442,-0.012386,0.0081887,-0.0002653,0.0080403,-0.0089527,0.000838,0.004419,-0.0024957,0.007337,-0.0058747,-0.0076713,0.028181
Indochina_N:VNM_N,0,-0.386917,-0.064865,-0.031008,0.134333,0.06038,0.0036425,-0.010961,-0.0138055,-0.014579,0.0695835,-0.001499,-0.002007,0.001376,0.0169655,-0.0031155,-0.0011085,0.00076,-0.0020115,0.01532,-0.0034935,0.0084085,0.0030195,-0.0063865,0.034009
Indochina_N:LAO_LN_BA,0.005691,-0.40215,-0.083721,-0.034561,0.15049,0.078089,-0.002585,-0.012692,-0.006136,-0.018588,0.089801,0.004346,-0.012785,0.010184,0.003393,-0.005701,-0.002477,0.0019,-0.00088,0.026388,-0.016845,0.02201,-0.011955,0.001325,0.039038
Indochina_P:LAO_Hoabinhian,-0.025041,-0.224432,-0.11917,0.087856,0.022466,-0.001952,-0.003055,0.01223,0.060539,0.018406,0.012829,0.0011 99,-0.000446,0.006055,-0.007872,-0.006364,-0.00352,-0.00076,-0.005531,0.023386,0.006988,0.013107,-0.017131,-0.001325,0.003712
Andaman_P:IND_Great_Andamanese_100BP,-0.018212,-0.235603,-0.128598,0.098838,0.023389,-0.003904,-0.016686,-0.003231,0.059721,0.02041,0.023222,0.004646,-0.0055,0.001239,-0.016151,-0.008884,0.009518,0.001014,-0.004902,0.026888,-0.00549,0.011994,-0.013311,-0.001205,0.000958
Papuan,-0.045985,-0.241087,-0.263758,0.309242,0.206931,-0.509589,-0.001974,0.007015,-0.041273,-0.011955,-0.018902,0.000869,0.001397,-0.00311,0.000163,-0.000318,-0.00219,-0.00185,-0.001081,-0.001526,0.002346,0.001805,0.001232,0.001832,0.001 605
Heilongjiang_N:CHN_Amur_River_EN,0.025041,-0.4595275,0.097674,-0.036822,-0.0809385,-0.060101,0.0200935,0.0271145,0.0140095,0.014579,-0.023059,0.0062945,0.00498,-0.0052295,-0.003868,0.0059665,-0.0020865,0.001267,0.0098045,0.024762,-0.011043,-0.0200315,-0.020028,-0.009158,-0.0088015
Shandong_N:CHN_Bianbian_N,0.015935,-0.443786,0.028284,-0.052003,0.024312,-0.005299,-0.002585,0.000231,-0.00225,0.011663,-0.073887,-0.006744,0.004906,-0.007844,-0.011943,0.001724,0.004303,0.004687,0.002011,0.004 127,0.022086,-0.001731,-0.003451,-0.005181,-0.008981
Shandong_N:CHN_Boshan_N,0.01935,-0.444802,0.032432,-0.062339,0.012618,0.002789,0.009635,0.003,-0.007772,0.008201,-0.074861,-0.009891,0.009812,-0.008533,-0.010315,-0.005701,-0.004042,0.003801,-0.000377,-0.002126,0.013726,0.003215,0.005793,-0.005543,-0.005628
Fujian_N:CHN_Liangdao1_N,0.002276,-0.409258,-0.052043,-0.038114,0.107405,0.046575,-0.006345,-0.01523,-0.020657,-0.013485,0.021922,0.009292,-0.003122,0.000138,0.015879,0.001326,0.004824,0,-0.008045,-0.006378,0.005116,-0.011005,-0.002588,-0.009278,-0.03341
Fujian_N:CHN_Liangdao2_N,0.006829,-0.407227,-0.052043,-0.040052,0.112944,0.045459,0.00141,-0.004384,-0.005931,-0.008565,0.034589,0.003747,-0.010406,0.001927,0.007736,0.012066,0.00352,0.0048 14,0.005028,-0.00988,0.007237,-0.011005,0.013188,-0.01687,-0.02874
Fujian_N:CHN_Qihe_N,0.005691,-0.372699,-0.057322,-0.01615,0.096018,0.035698,-0.005875,-0.007615,-0.003477,-0.002916,0.013641,-0.004646,-0.000743,-0.01445,-0.002036,-0.004773,0.004433,0.000507,0.008422,0.007128,0.009 982,-0.00371,0.005053,-0.013134,-0.017483
Yellow_River_N:CHN_Shimao_LN,0.018781,-0.451403,0.023004,-0.062662,0.028159,0.0079485,0.006815,0.0012695,-0.00859,0.009567,-0.0937795,-0.008093,0.007582,-0.008257,-0.0110615,-0.0024525,-0.0029985,0.002217,-0.006599,-6.25e-05,0.0090465,0.0097685,0.0071485,0.0025905,0.01706 45
Fujian_N:CHN_Tanshishan_N,0.005691,-0.427538,-0.04186,-0.058463,0.123408,0.055778,-0.00846,-0.01823,-0.020043,-0.024055,0.035076,3e-04,-0.004906,0.003578,-0.000271,0.014585,0.001825,0.001267,0.003017,-0.012256,0.005865,-0.009398,0.002958,-0.007832,-0.03341
China_P:CHN_Tianyuan,-0.027318,-0.260991,-0.075424,0.071383,0.033545,-0.018407,-0.00799,-0.003,0.040291,0.021322,-0.006333,-0.005995,-0.003568,-0.00523,-0.000407,-0.000663,0.008084,0.002407,-0.001131,0.027263,-0.001747,0.008037,-0.008874,-0.010845,0.011256
Yellow_River_N:CHN_Upper_Yellow_River_LN,0.0170734 ,-0.4421616,0.022778,-0.0515508,0.0196344,-0.0039602,0.0089774,0.0057692,-0.0035588,0.0106792,-0.0916846,-0.0111202,0.0117144,-0.0013762,-0.0077904,-0.0013258,-0.0005476,-0.0033952,-0.0051536,0.0010756,0.0009234,0.0163468,0.0057188, 0.0008918,0.025794
CHN_Western_Liao_River_MN,0.0199195,-0.444294,0.0503455,-0.051034,-0.007386,-0.0182675,0.0050525,0.0064615,0.003375,0.011663,-0.0765665,-0.008992,0.0086965,-0.00406,-0.007804,-0.003381,-0.0013695,0.005384,0.002577,0.009317,0.0033065,-0.0043275,-0.0094285,-0.001386,-0.0020955
Shandong_N:CHN_Xiaogao_N,0.005691,-0.437693,0.025644,-0.048773,0.011694,-0.008925,-0.003995,0.003692,-0.000205,0.011481,-0.075835,-0.007493,0.00669,-0.002202,-0.004207,0.004641,0.002477,0.001774,-0.00088,-0.007754,0.014474,-0.002473,-0.002711,0.001687,-0.011256
Shandong_N:CHN_Xiaojingshan_N,0.012141,-0.4383703,0.0250157,-0.052003,0.0229783,-0.0105053,-0.0044653,0.0010767,-0.007363,0.010205,-0.0803823,-0.0115397,0.0122397,-0.0031193,-0.0077813,-0.0079553,-0.00013,0.0016047,0.004106,-0.0042103,0.0137257,-0.0002883,0.0098187,-0.006145,-0.005788
Fujian_N:CHN_Xitoucun_N,0.0085365,-0.431092,-0.037335,-0.058786,0.125562,0.0496425,0.0001175,-0.011538,-0.0223955,-0.013759,0.015995,0.004421,0.003865,-0.001514,0.0068535,0.0021215,-0.000326,0.0041805,0.0024515,-0.0123805,0.018842,-0.017435,0.0094285,-0.0102425,-0.024369
Yellow_River_N:CHN_Yellow_River_LN,0.0166466,-0.4503874,0.0109365,-0.0657709,0.0545101,0.0217886,0.0037894,0.0012404,-0.0097149,0.0040092,-0.0851524,-0.0100032,0.0123945,-0.0059179,-0.0088896,-0.000895,0.001483,-0.0003801,-0.0048392,-0.0075191,0.0172975,0.007543,0.0128639,-0.0006476,0.0073496
Yellow_River_N:CHN_Yellow_River_MN,0.0166182,-0.4441924,0.0136518,-0.0588506,0.0390226,0.0112114,0.0082252,0.0014306,-0.0015546,0.0055034,-0.092269,-0.01106,0.0142414,-0.0075692,-0.0129476,-0.0003978,0.0051112,-0.0020522,-0.0057318,-0.0019008,0.0136762,0.015704,0.0105996,-0.002458,0.0122624
CHN_Yumin_N,0.018212,-0.427538,0.066373,-0.032946,-0.049548,-0.04016,0.00705,0.012461,0.010022,0.021504,-0.063656,-0.006894,0.002825,0.001101,-0.008143,-0.002387,0.004172,0.002534,0.003017,0.019509,-0.012728,0.000989,-0.017131,-0.002651,0.007305
RUS_Sintashta_MLBA,0.125389,0.1158031,0.0572615,0. 0789266,0.011327,0.0284468,0.005678,0.0041909,-0.0174834,-0.0282348,-0.0024254,0.0012473,-0.0030739,-0.0212915,0.0226566,0.0124762,-0.0050555,0.0004086,-6.9e-05,-0.0007423,-0.0059089,0.0020542,0.0026159,0.0066506,-0.0039363
RUS_Shamanka_N,0.0309599,-0.4147422,0.0950344,-0.0157947,-0.0868469,-0.0482203,0.0053815,0.010061,0.0147054,0.0125196,-0.0160603,-0.0018134,0.0035828,-0.0078032,-0.0046552,-0.0032088,-0.0025164,0.0005827,0.0064608,0.0178333,-0.0170449,-0.0059478,-0.0165151,-0.0032051,0.0046943
Eurasia_P:RUS_Ust_Ishim,-0.050082,-0.11577,-0.090886,0.073644,0.027082,-0.018128,-0.00376,-0.004384,0.0452,0.010387,0.006008,-0.001798,0.000149,-0.003991,0.004614,-0.001724,-0.004955,0.004687,-0.005154,0.015382,0.006613,0.008532,-0.007641,-0.014942,0.007784
Taiwan_N:TWN_Gongguan,0.009106,-0.455973,-0.032432,-0.075905,0.142796,0.070559,-0.008695,-0.011999,-0.030065,-0.024602,0.052614,-0.003147,0.008474,-0.003303,0.009908,0.008618,-0.012778,0.006714,0.012821,-0.013256,0.00549,-0.032397,-0.001109,-0.008194,-0.061192
Taiwan_N:TWN_Hanben,0.0155393,-0.4419318,-0.0435985,-0.0634906,0.1387417,0.064642,-0.0045365,-0.0134342,-0.0232624,-0.0208937,0.0412537,0.0034991,-0.002999,-0.0035123,0.0102085,0.0065775,-0.0008786,0.0056239,0.0068097,-0.0128105,0.0079044,-0.0258488,0.0022506,-0.0087176,-0.0486288
RUS_Devils_Gate_Cave_N,0.0162197,-0.4440402,0.0722185,-0.0511148,-0.0373912,-0.0395328,0.0034075,0.0084802,0.0064935,0.019408,-0.048595,-0.004833,-0.0030848,0.0086702,-0.0096025,-0.0133915,-0.0007825,0.0089,0.0174408,0.0100362,0.008828,-0.027729,-0.0174702,-0.00244,-0.0145795
RUS_Baikal_N,0.0430252,-0.343452,0.0849276,0.0036176,-0.0836464,-0.041722,-0.000282,-0.0036,0.0105126,0.0064146,0.003475,-0.0038366,0.0046976,-0.013267,-0.006786,-0.003262,-0.0056584,0.0033192,0.0057068,0.017033,-0.0176192,-0.0064548,-0.0078632,-0.0056874,0.0050056
RUS_Boisman_MN,0.0211091,-0.4479409,0.0741897,-0.0434875,-0.0510025,-0.0405914,0.0098064,0.0122512,0.0104122,0.0256788,-0.0416157,-0.001771,-0.0011488,0.0091707,-0.0088958,-0.0082809,-0.0038997,0.0051713,0.0127068,0.0145636,0.0032444,-0.0328355,-0.0255795,0.0015227,-0.0190509
Nepal_N:NPL_Chokhopani_2700BP,0.012521,-0.410274,-0.011691,-0.031331,0.017542,0.011435,0.00658,0.011999,0.0100 22,0.021139,-0.081194,-0.006444,0.010109,-0.004679,-0.011401,0,0.011213,-0.001267,-0.009302,0.009379,0.004991,0.029306,0.004314,0.003 615,0.031734
MNG_North_N,0.0237403,-0.4314549,0.0890541,-0.0247326,-0.0815536,-0.0521129,0.0134964,0.0145379,0.0179981,0.020098,-0.029346,-0.0013703,0.0013593,-0.0051314,-0.0056033,-0.0039967,0.0038743,0.0006154,0.0038967,0.020331,-0.0196439,-0.0037801,-0.0166207,-0.0061969,0.0076981
MNG_East_N,0.025041,-0.4427705,0.0788185,-0.0347225,-0.074937,-0.056336,0.0172735,0.015461,0.0166685,0.0266065,-0.0353195,-0.0038215,0.001264,0.0030965,-0.008279,-0.006696,0.002347,0.002027,0.004211,0.019009,-0.0150985,-0.006801,-0.0272995,-0.008736,0.0049695
Japan_P:JPN_Jomon,0.011003,-0.3440953,-0.0537398,0.0124893,0.038161,0.0139448,-0.0020758,-0.0015383,0.024577,0.0205622,-0.049718,-0.0068938,0.0096878,-0.0069958,-0.023819,-0.0154467,0.006454,0.0099242,0.0024722,-0.0060655,0.0639705,-0.0456895,0.0091615,0.0112062,-0.0994323
Sakhalin_P:RUS_Sakhalin_HG,0.011382,-0.380824,-0.011314,-0.00646,-0.007386,-0.008367,-0.004935,0.009923,0.019839,0.023508,-0.038161,-0.005245,0.002825,0.007707,-0.044381,-0.007425,0.009779,0.010642,0.01257,-0.001501,0.049288,-0.037838,-0.001849,0.004338,-0.055444
Yemenite_Al_Bayda,0.0387,0.13862,-0.062665,-0.107398,-0.010156,-0.04848,-0.013161,-0.010153,0.054131,-0.005983,0.010961,-0.028799,0.050916,0.004106,0.006379,0.024198,-0.018471,0.007158,0.000838,0.017925,0.009774,0.016 178,-0.007436,0.001125,-0.003752
Yemenite_Al_Jawf,0.049228,0.141412,-0.063073,-0.115554,-0.010694,-0.047342,-0.0094,-0.007154,0.058136,-0.002597,0.012869,-0.031435,0.057309,0.003888,0.0038,0.01959,-0.02047,0.003991,0.003174,0.022136,0.0107,0.014715 ,-0.013064,0.008555,-0.008562
Yemenite_Amran,0.045855,0.135428,-0.061525,-0.101445,-0.01486,-0.042152,-0.008729,-0.007763,0.04501,-0.004256,0.01175,-0.022962,0.04651,0.005259,0.003994,0.017256,-0.014137,0.004253,0.001832,0.015704,0.006925,0.009 521,-0.00633,0.004174,-0.004781
Yemenite_Dhamar,0.035538,0.141159,-0.058537,-0.110574,-0.009574,-0.047225,-0.013735,-0.008025,0.049245,-0.007856,0.013785,-0.026393,0.049273,0.005948,0.003484,0.015248,-0.016211,0.004575,0.000656,0.017036,0.010107,0.011 417,-0.006957,0.004231,-0.00306
Yemenite_Jew,0.051383,0.144785,-0.063248,-0.114066,-0.011827,-0.046694,-0.013496,-0.008868,0.048969,-0.006274,0.011321,-0.026612,0.053985,0.003244,0.003529,0.017161,-0.024549,0.003475,0.006411,0.024958,0.012888,0.015 987,-0.007095,0.004648,-0.006894
Yemenite_Ma'rib,0.044846,0.143799,-0.061244,-0.117056,-0.009232,-0.047913,-0.011045,-0.004569,0.053626,-0.007581,0.014712,-0.027126,0.051437,0.005587,0.000489,0.020154,-0.021383,0.00451,0.002589,0.018309,0.01143,0.01313 2,-0.006729,0.004651,-0.005485
Yemenite_Mahra,0.054256,0.136081,-0.068259,-0.121197,-0.003727,-0.056305,-0.01303,-0.00882,0.06288,-0.002045,0.016798,-0.032571,0.065741,0.005841,0.008053,0.027078,-0.021064,0.002872,-0.001913,0.024831,0.013726,0.016089,-0.008737,0.002785,-0.005229
Balochi,0.068863,0.051876,-0.100628,0.030739,-0.072603,0.031491,0.005582,0.001577,-0.022736,-0.020805,-0.003884,-0.002148,0.003927,-0.008017,0.015958,0.030098,-0.010137,0.002924,0.007269,-0.026513,-0.001071,-0.015209,0.00037,-0.016097,0.013761

Doing this some interesting things emerge :
Island Southeast Asian Austronesian speakers rarely have any Fujian_N, while they have plenty of Taiwan_N. (Indochina_N seems associated with Austroasiatic speakers who brought agriculture to SEA first).
Examples :
Target: Vizayan
Distance: 2.0229% / 0.02022883
79.6 Taiwan_N
12.4 Andaman_P
3.8 Papuan
2.4 Indochina_N
1.4 Balochi
0.4 RUS_Sintashta_MLBA

Target: Murut
Distance: 3.2876% / 0.03287562
75.6 Taiwan_N
23.6 Indochina_N
0.8 Papuan

Target: Malay
Distance: 1.2098% / 0.01209770
47.6 Indochina_N
37.8 Taiwan_N
5.4 Andaman_P
5.0 Balochi
2.0 Heilongjiang_N
1.8 Papuan
0.4 Fujian_N

Target: Luzon
Distance: 1.5305% / 0.01530544
92.8 Taiwan_N
5.8 Andaman_P
0.8 Papuan
0.6 Indochina_N

Target: Indonesian_Java
Distance: 1.6886% / 0.01688639
76.2 Indochina_N
20.6 Taiwan_N
1.8 Balochi
1.4 Papuan

Target: Indonesian_Bali
Distance: 1.7210% / 0.01721027
68.4 Indochina_N
24.6 Taiwan_N
3.4 Balochi
2.8 Papuan
0.8 Andaman_P

Target: Igorot
Distance: 2.5493% / 0.02549250
99.2 Taiwan_N
0.8 Papuan

Target: Hawaiian
Distance: 2.3967% / 0.02396728
87.2 Taiwan_N
5.6 Papuan
4.8 Eurasia_P
1.6 Fujian_N
0.8 Yemenite_Dhamar

Target: Dusun
Distance: 3.4344% / 0.03434402
74.4 Taiwan_N
22.2 Indochina_N
1.6 Andaman_P
1.4 Papuan
0.4 Balochi

Interestingly enough, this is also the case with Hans from China. They are overwhelmingly Yellow_River_N (core area of Han ethnogenesis), but also have notable Taiwan_N and very little Fujian_N.

Target: Han_Zhejiang
Distance: 1.4022% / 0.01402175
82.0 Yellow_River_N
18.0 Taiwan_N

Target: Han_Sichuan
Distance: 1.1237% / 0.01123679
77.8 Yellow_River_N
13.6 Taiwan_N
8.6 Indochina_N

Target: Han_Shanxi
Distance: 1.1660% / 0.01166024
81.2 Yellow_River_N
8.6 Taiwan_N
8.4 Shandong_N
1.8 RUS_Sintashta_MLBA

Target: Han_Shanghai
Distance: 2.6239% / 0.02623907
88.4 Yellow_River_N
10.2 Taiwan_N
1.4 Balochi

Target: Han_Shandong
Distance: 1.0208% / 0.01020753
82.0 Yellow_River_N
11.6 Taiwan_N
4.8 Shandong_N
1.6 Japan_P

Target: Han_Jiangsu
Distance: 1.3404% / 0.01340370
86.4 Yellow_River_N
13.6 Taiwan_N

Target: Han_Hubei
Distance: 1.4266% / 0.01426600
75.4 Yellow_River_N
24.6 Taiwan_N

Target: Han_Henan
Distance: 1.3143% / 0.01314317
77.2 Yellow_River_N
13.8 Shandong_N
8.0 Taiwan_N
0.8 RUS_Sintashta_MLBA
0.2 Balochi

Target: Han_Guangdong
Distance: 2.5838% / 0.02583799
57.8 Yellow_River_N
32.0 Taiwan_N
10.2 Indochina_N

Target: Han_Fujian
Distance: 2.0583% / 0.02058327
69.2 Yellow_River_N
26.6 Taiwan_N
2.6 Fujian_N
1.6 Indochina_N

Target: Han_Chongqing
Distance: 2.0372% / 0.02037211
71.8 Yellow_River_N
13.8 Taiwan_N
9.8 Indochina_N
4.6 Fujian_N

As you can see, even contemporary Fujian has very little Fujian_N. This seems to indicate that Taiwan_N may have been an outpost of a larger population which must have lived further North (Yangtze river?). This population would have mixed in with incoming Hans from the Yellow River and spread South with them, displacing Fujian_N and Indochina_N populations.

Now, what is interesting is that Fujian_N does show up in sizeable amounts (alongside Taiwan_N) in Tai-Kadai speaking populations!
Target: Dong_Guizhou
Distance: 2.7921% / 0.02792090
44.8 Yellow_River_N
20.0 Taiwan_N
19.8 Fujian_N
15.4 Indochina_N

Target: Dong_Hunan
Distance: 2.8814% / 0.02881357
49.0 Yellow_River_N
24.6 Taiwan_N
14.0 Indochina_N
12.4 Fujian_N

Target: Dai
Distance: 3.2025% / 0.03202547
30.8 Indochina_N
27.8 Fujian_N
27.0 Yellow_River_N
14.4 Taiwan_N

Target: Gelao
Distance: 2.8998% / 0.02899804
36.0 Yellow_River_N
29.6 Indochina_N
18.2 Fujian_N
16.2 Taiwan_N

Target: Li
Distance: 3.7371% / 0.03737077
34.6 Taiwan_N
25.2 Fujian_N
24.8 Yellow_River_N
15.4 Indochina_N

Target: Maonan
Distance: 3.4506% / 0.03450643
33.4 Yellow_River_N
32.6 Taiwan_N
21.8 Indochina_N
12.2 Fujian_N

Target: Thai
Distance: 1.6800% / 0.01679960
49.8 Indochina_N
12.6 Yellow_River_N
9.8 Nepal_N
7.4 Fujian_N
6.8 Balochi
6.8 Japan_P
5.0 Taiwan_N
1.8 Andaman_P

Target: Zhuang
Distance: 3.0162% / 0.03016189
35.6 Yellow_River_N
23.8 Taiwan_N
20.4 Fujian_N
20.2 Indochina_N

Interestingly enough, Hmong-Mien speakers as well as Kinhs from Vietnam (Austroasiatic) also have inflated Fujian_N, whereas other Austroasiatic speakers don't.

In light of this, I think Taiwan_Hanben and Taiwan_Gongguan are better proxies for the spread of Austronesian languages for now, whereas the host of Fujian samples probably represent an early off-shoot from the Tai-Kadai branch.

I took your sample list and did a run using Maori, knowing that the Maori sample has a large amount of European ancestry. For this reason, Hawaiian is likely a better Polynesian population to use.

Target: Maori:S_Maori-1
Distance: 2.7934% / 0.02793414
45.0 RUS_Sintashta_MLBA
25.6 Taiwan_N
9.4 Fujian_N
9.2 Papuan
7.0 Yemenite_Dhamar
3.8 Eurasia_P