My attempt at modelling of Native American Global 25 samples from Latin America.

**Tsakhur** · 08-28-2020, 12:09 PM

It will be mainly about Mesoamerican, Amazonian, Andean and Southern Cone Native American groups. I will do Northern Amerindian groups in another post. These are the averages btw, not individual samples.

Warning: the post will be very long, please have a patience looking at the results and give your opinions.

Notes:
-The CAN_400BP is an individual Native American sample from Canada.
-Spirit_Cave individual is the oldest mummy in North America while Anzick is a Paleo-Indian infant sample from Montana, USA.
-The Great Andamanese is utilized as a proxy to determine the Negrito affinity in some Amerindians (some Natives such as Amazonian tribes were founded to have Onge/Melanesian-like affinity).
-MayahakCabPek is a 9300 year old Neolithic sample from Belize.
-LapoDoSanto is an Early Neolithic sample from Brazil (almost Ice-Age)
-Karitiana is utilize to represent Amazonian ancestry.
-Andean components are represented by Aconcagua_500BP (before present) from precolonial Argentina, RioUncallane and Lauricocha from ancient Peru.
-LosRieles are archaic (10900 years before present) samples from Central Chile
-Ayayema is from Late Neolithic Patagonia in Chile- utilized as proxy for Patagonian-related ancestry
-ArroyoSeco2 is a Neolithic sample from near Tres Arroyos in Argentina- maybe can represent Pampean affinity.

Here are some Mesoamerican tribes (from Northern to Southern Mexico)

Next, I will post Caribbean and Northern South American/Amazonian Natives.

In the next section, it will be Andean Native Americans.

In the last section, here are Native Americans from the Pampas and Patagonia.

Thoughts?? Sorry for the very long post but please take a patience inspecting them.

**Tsakhur** · 08-28-2020, 05:58 PM

Thoughts please?

**Atlas** · 08-28-2020, 06:26 PM

I would like to say something meaningful to properly convey how impressed I am that you've compiled such a group, but I fear my knowledge of these tools is woefully inadequate.
But from what I can see, well done

! I don't think I've ever come across pre-colonial NA samples before, and you have a string of them with your own summaries. As someone with very minor ancestry from Northern Amerindians, I eagerly await your next post on these and hope for the eastern coast in particular. Concerning your Bolivian samples from Pando, I'm uncertain that the 0.8% African would be from their 11% Iberian heritage, because that might mean (ignoring random recombination) that the "100%" Iberian sample would be ~7% African. Do Iberians really have that much African heritage on average?

**Caius Agrippa** · 08-30-2020, 02:21 PM

I'm interested to see how Amerindians from Brazilian Coast like Tupis and Tamoios would score, I wonder if there are surprises on our way. I'm seeing many Brazilians from São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia scoring very minor Southeast Asian (~1%) in multiple calculators and I wonder if it's some kind of admixture present in the Native Americans from this region, some type of Asian admixture Portuguese colonists who populated these regions picked in Asia, influence from Southeast African slaves (who might have had Asian admixture, Brazil received many slaves from East Africa) or just noise.

Regarding modern Native Americans, I think it's very hard to find any tribes without any European and/or African admixture around the New World. Probably only Amazonians and some Andeans maintain a more ''pure'' Native American profile. Natives from USA are mainly mixed and some individuals in significant amounts, I even heard of mostly European individuals with 1/8, 1/16 and even 1/32 or 1/64 Amerindian ancestry identifying as Native Americans in USA.

**drobbah** · 08-30-2020, 03:49 PM

Why aren't there any New World colonial samples on G25? I always wanted to run them on G25 and see the genetic makeup of latino groups especially the countries that have a significant presence of people of West/Central African descent like the DR,Puerto Rico,Colombia and Brazil.

**Tsakhur** · 08-30-2020, 05:35 PM

Originally Posted by drobbah

Why aren't there any New World colonial samples on G25? I always wanted to run them on G25 and see the genetic makeup of latino groups especially the countries that have a significant presence of people of West/Central African descent like the DR,Puerto Rico,Colombia and Brazil.

Ya, I don't know why David didn't include them in his spreadsheet either.

Vadim (who created MDLP) and Dienekes (who created Dodecad) have some New World populations in their gedmatch calculators, I guess some user here will have to request David to upload those Latin American or Caribbean groups from Vadim and Dienekes into G25.

Or maybe we will have to ask some Latino or New World mixed race users here on Anthrogenica to do G25 tests and then request for David to include them into his spreadsheet.

**Caius Agrippa** · 08-30-2020, 09:14 PM

Originally Posted by drobbah

Why aren't there any New World colonial samples on G25? I always wanted to run them on G25 and see the genetic makeup of latino groups especially the countries that have a significant presence of people of West/Central African descent like the DR,Puerto Rico,Colombia and Brazil.

In my opinion including such groups isn't really very informative for G25 purposes and I don't know if a tool developed to measure ancient ancestry in Old World populations is the best tool to capture more recent geneflow in admixed New World populations. Moreover, the average ancestries in Latin America don't mean most people in a given country will score like the average, apart from more homogeneous countries like Mexico and Bolivia. Mexican average is like 45% European, 50% Amerindian and 5% African and most Mexicans indeed score like that. Cuban average is like 70% European, 25% African, 5% Amerindian, but most Cubans don't score like that, most are either heavily European or heavily African, the average means nothing here.

If you look at Brazilian samples from GEDmatch calculators you will see that they are heavily skewed towards Europe, Brazilian sample in MDLP and puntDNAL is basically a Portuguese with 6% more West African and 5-7% Amerindian. But it doesn't mean most Brazilians are over 80% European, a significant portion is, but there are many more Brazilians with very high African and Amerindian components, I've seen many Brazilians scoring around 30% Amerindian, 70% SSA and even ''perfect'' triracials with equal proportions of the three. One must be very careful while selecting samples in extremely heterogeneous countries like Brazil.

**JerryS.** · 08-31-2020, 02:45 AM

Originally Posted by Tsakhur

Ya, I don't know why David didn't include them in his spreadsheet either.

Vadim (who created MDLP) and Dienekes (who created Dodecad) have some New World populations in their gedmatch calculators, I guess some user here will have to request David to upload those Latin American or Caribbean groups from Vadim and Dienekes into G25.

Or maybe we will have to ask some Latino or New World mixed race users here on Anthrogenica to do G25 tests and then request for David to include them into his spreadsheet.

I saw this and had to chuckle as I have read that there is some friction between those mentioned based on how they come up with population sample groups. In other words, I don't think that's going to happen.

**Tsakhur** · 08-31-2020, 06:44 AM

Originally Posted by Caius Agrippa

In my opinion including such groups isn't really very informative for G25 purposes and I don't know if a tool developed to measure ancient ancestry in Old World populations is the best tool to capture more recent geneflow in admixed New World populations. Moreover, the average ancestries in Latin America don't mean most people in a given country will score like the average, apart from more homogeneous countries like Mexico and Bolivia. Mexican average is like 45% European, 50% Amerindian and 5% African and most Mexicans indeed score like that. Cuban average is like 70% European, 25% African, 5% Amerindian, but most Cubans don't score like that, most are either heavily European or heavily African, the average means nothing here.

If you look at Brazilian samples from GEDmatch calculators you will see that they are heavily skewed towards Europe, Brazilian sample in MDLP and puntDNAL is basically a Portuguese with 6% more West African and 5-7% Amerindian. But it doesn't mean most Brazilians are over 80% European, a significant portion is, but there are many more Brazilians with very high African and Amerindian components, I've seen many Brazilians scoring around 30% Amerindian, 70% SSA and even ''perfect'' triracials with equal proportions of the three. One must be very careful while selecting samples in extremely heterogeneous countries like Brazil.

Agreed. Maybe if it is New World groups who are genetically more stabilized and homogeneous in terms of their recent ancestries like Mexicans, Peruvians/Bolivians, etc, it might make more sense to include them than others who are very heterogeneous and varied such as Brazilians as you have noted.

Wait by 30% Amerindian 70% SSA, do you mean that the individual is around 70% SSA and the rest of the autosomal DNA are varying amounts of European or Amerindian, or do you mean that the sample is literally 70% African and 30% Native American without zero European? There are some Brazilians who don't have any European ancestry besides Amazonian tribes?

**Tsakhur** · 08-31-2020, 06:48 AM

Originally Posted by drobbah

Why aren't there any New World colonial samples on G25? I always wanted to run them on G25 and see the genetic makeup of latino groups especially the countries that have a significant presence of people of West/Central African descent like the DR,Puerto Rico,Colombia and Brazil.

Actually I think some New World ethnic groups who are more "stabilized" genetically in terms of ancestries can be included in G25 such as the Garifuna from Central America who are predominantly West-Central African with significant Native American ancestry from around 15-25% (the highest SSA I have seen for a Garifuna is an individual who is 90% SSA and 10% Amerindian but I am not sure if he is recently mixed with other New World Afro-diaspora group or not).

Also Miskito Amerindians from Nicaragua, Honduras who are actually almost a stabilized mix between Africans and Natives might be able to be added into G25 as well.

Or maybe groups like Jamaicans, Haitians who are predominantly African genetically can be added as well or even the Surinamese/Guianan Maroons who are literally runaway African slaves who are "almost pristine" to 100% SSA genetically.

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My attempt at modelling of Native American Global 25 samples from Latin America.

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