Does anyone have gedmatch kits or autosomal dna of the Khasi from Meghalaya?

[Tsakhur]

I want to see them being uploaded to G25 spreadsheet. They seem to be a very unique Austroasiatic population in NE India. Would be great to see how much East Asian, AASI and West Eurasian (Iran farmer and stepped) they will score.

[poi]

I want to see them being uploaded to G25 spreadsheet. They seem to be a very unique Austroasiatic population in NE India. Would be great to see how much East Asian, AASI and West Eurasian (Iran farmer and stepped) they will score.

Khasi groups should have profiles similar to these Northeastern groups:

Sample	Fit	Chokhopani 2700BP	MYS LN	Simulated AASI by DMXX	Sidelkino HG	Ganj Dareh N	Barcin N
Tripuri ► Median	1.74	62.5	25	8.5	1.5	1.5	1
Jamatia ► Median	1.83	64	25	7	0.5	1	2.5

More southeastern groups have SE-Asian element (Malaysia LN) exceeding the Northern element (Chokhopani):

Sample	Fit	Chokhopani 2700BP	MYS LN	Simulated AASI by DMXX	Sidelkino HG	Ganj Dareh N	Barcin N
Asur ► Median	2.26	2	10	71	2.5	14	0.5
Bonda ► Median	2.27	4.5	26	63	0	6	0.5

https://genoplot.com/shared/g25/#poi/17444f56b311

[Reza]

I want to see them being uploaded to G25 spreadsheet. They seem to be a very unique Austroasiatic population in NE India. Would be great to see how much East Asian, AASI and West Eurasian (Iran farmer and stepped) they will score.

I'd be really interested in these samples too, I suspect similar groups have contributed directly to the East Asian in Bangladeshis like Sylhetis.

I did ask David to run these but he said the academic samples out there wouldn't be possible unless more came out.

For an austroasiatic speaking group they are genetically quite similar to neighbouring tibeto burman groups.

[Tsakhur]

Khasi groups should have profiles similar to these Northeastern groups:

Sample	Fit	Chokhopani 2700BP	MYS LN	Simulated AASI by DMXX	Sidelkino HG	Ganj Dareh N	Barcin N
Tripuri ► Median	1.74	62.5	25	8.5	1.5	1.5	1
Jamatia ► Median	1.83	64	25	7	0.5	1	2.5

More southeastern groups have SE-Asian element (Malaysia LN) exceeding the Northern element (Chokhopani):

Sample	Fit	Chokhopani 2700BP	MYS LN	Simulated AASI by DMXX	Sidelkino HG	Ganj Dareh N	Barcin N
Asur ► Median	2.26	2	10	71	2.5	14	0.5
Bonda ► Median	2.27	4.5	26	63	0	6	0.5

https://genoplot.com/shared/g25/#poi/17444f56b311

Great models! Thank you!

I think the amount of West Eurasian in the Tripuri and Jamatia models is too low....I think they possessed more than that at like 8-9% West Eurasian at least.. I used Naxi instead of Chokhopani as the former seems to be more East Eurasian genetically than the latter (at least based on the G25 coordinates).

Target: Tripuri
Distance: 1.4347% / 0.01434686
45.6 Naxi
18.0 MYS_LN
15.6 CHN_Miaozigou_MN
7.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA1
6.8 AASI_related_Sim
6.0 Simulated_AASI
0.8 RUS_Sidelkino_HG

Target: Jamatia
Distance: 1.3376% / 0.01337604
48.2 Naxi
16.8 MYS_LN
12.8 CHN_Miaozigou_MN
9.2 AASI_related_Sim
7.4 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA1
3.2 Simulated_AASI
1.4 RUS_Sidelkino_HG
1.0 LAO_LN_BA

Also adding the Burmese to compare:

Target: Burmese
Distance: 0.9841% / 0.00984099
43.6 Naxi
23.4 MYS_LN
17.0 CHN_Miaozigou_MN
8.8 AASI_related_Sim
6.2 IRN_Shahr_I_Sokhta_BA1
0.8 RUS_Sidelkino_HG
0.2 LAO_LN_BA

Agreed that the Khasi will have similar autosomal composition, although I think they might actually have more West Eurasian than the two groups:

Khasi sample from HarappaWorld: seem to be around 11% West Eurasian (Brahui+BMAC+Lithuanian (represented Steppe)). I utilized Bonda to represent AASI as there are no AASI samples in HarappaWorld, unfortunately. Also they might have a few more West Eurasian admixture at 12-15% if the Bonda also contain minor Western affinity (they do exhibit some minor West Eurasian (mainly Iran farmer) on G25 at approx 8-11%). Also there is a lack of Jamatia and Tripuri pops in HarappaWorld, so its harder to compare.

Target: Khasi
Distance: 1.0574% / 1.05740926
44.2 Bonda
26.2 Naxi
7.6 Dai
6.2 Iban
4.6 Oroqen
4.0 Brahui
3.8 BMAC_Dzharkutan
3.2 Lithuanian
0.2 Papuan

So yes, if the Khasis are added on G25, I feel they will be similar to the Jamatia and Tripuri but with more West Eurasian (Iran Neo+some Steppe) ancestry at around 12-15%.

Also I don't want to go into phenotype discussion (it is against the rules here if I understand correctly?), but from the pictures online that I saw of the Khasi, they seem to show more clear South Asian influence in their looks than the Jamatia and Tripuri.

[Ebizur]

The Khasi have a great deal of mtDNA haplogroup U2: 37/368 = 10.05% U2 in a pool of all Khasi samples of Reddy et al. 2007, 4/40 = 10.0% U2(xU2a, U2b, U2c) plus 3/40 = 7.5% U2b in the Khasi sample of Tamang et al. 2018. However, U2 is also common among their Garo neighbors: 12/76 = 15.8% U2 in the Garo sample of Reddy et al. 2007. The frequency of mtDNA haplogroup U2 in Meghalaya seems oddly high for a region in which the majority of the population consists of primarily East/Southeast Asian tribal people.

The Khasi sample of Tamang et al. 2018 also contains a great deal of mtDNA haplogroup W (5/40 = 12.5% W), but this haplogroup was not observed in any of the Khasi samples of Reddy et al. 2007.

Khasi mtDNA (Reddy et al. 2007)
52/368 = 14.13% M9a
48/368 = 13.04% D4
39/368 = 10.60% M48
37/368 = 10.05% U2 (including 3/368 U2b-146, 2/368 U2a-16206C, and 1/368 U2c'd-16234)
27/368 = 7.34% M4a
22/368 = 5.98% D(xD4, D5a)
20/368 = 5.43% M*
17/368 = 4.62% M31c
17/368 = 4.62% M33a
16/368 = 4.35% M33b
11/368 = 2.99% M50
10/368 = 2.72% M49
8/368 = 2.17% B
6/368 = 1.63% A (observed mostly in Khasis from Ri-Bhoi district, i.e. near the northern limit of the distribution of Khasis)
4/368 = 1.09% R8
4/368 = 1.09% M7a (observed in 4/17 = 23.5% of a sample of War from the south of the Jaintia Hills near the Sylhet-Assam border)
4/368 = 1.09% G
3/368 = 0.82% G2a (observed in 3/50 = 6.0% of a sample of Pnar from the Jaintia Hills)
3/368 = 0.82% F
3/368 = 0.82% U7
3/368 = 0.82% M25
2/368 = 0.54% R9 (R+16304+16249+16288+16295)
2/368 = 0.54% R
2/368 = 0.54% C
2/368 = 0.54% M3
1/368 = 0.27% U3
1/368 = 0.27% M18
1/368 = 0.27% M7b1a
1/368 = 0.27% M5
1/368 = 0.27% M2
1/368 = 0.27% M2a

Khasi mtDNA (Tamang et al. 2018)
3/40 = 7.5% M
1/40 = 2.5% R

1/40 = 2.5% M3
2/40 = 5.0% M31
3/40 = 7.5% M48
2/40 = 5.0% M49
1/40 = 2.5% M5
4/40 = 10.0% R8
4/40 = 10.0% U2
3/40 = 7.5% U2b
5/40 = 12.5% W

4/40 = 10.0% D4
1/40 = 2.5% F2
1/40 = 2.5% M7
5/40 = 12.5% M9a

The mtDNA of the Khasis seems to be strongly influenced by some (already strongly Western Eurasian-influenced) population of South Asia. Their Eastern Eurasian mtDNA appears to be similar to the mtDNA of Tibetans (cf. M9a, D4) rather than to the mtDNA of Austroasiatic-speaking populations of Southeast Asia. Furthermore, about 5% of Khasis belong to M31c, a clade that shares four mutations with M31a1 of Andaman Islanders.

[Ebizur]

Khasi Y-DNA

Kumar et al. (2007)
Khasi/West Khasi Hills, East Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills, Ri-Bhoi in Meghalaya
10/92 = 10.9% F-M89(xM69, M172, M9)
6/92 = 6.5% H-M69
2/92 = 2.2% O-M175(xM119, M95, M122)
38/92 = 41.3% O-M95(xM88)
3/92 = 3.3% O-M122(xM121, M164, M159, M7, M134)
15/92 = 16.3% O-M134(xM133)
9/92 = 9.8% O-M133(xM162)
4/92 = 4.3% P-M45(xM173, M124)
5/92 = 5.4% R-M173

Reddy et al. (2007)
Maram (traditionally Settled Agriculturists in the West Khasi Hills)
2/64 = 3.1% C2-M217(xP39, M86, M93)
1/64 = 1.6% H-M69(xM82)
1/64 = 1.6% H-M82
2/64 = 3.1% K-M9(xM11, M175, M45)
3/64 = 4.7% O-M175(xM95, M122)
26/64 = 40.6% O-M95
13/64 = 20.3% O-M122(xM134)
6/64 = 9.4% O-M134(xM133)
4/64 = 6.3% O-M133(xM163)
1/64 = 1.6% P-M45(xM173)
5/64 = 7.8% R-M173

Pnar (traditionally Settled Agriculturists in the Jaintia Hills)
3/44 = 6.8% C2-M217(xP39, M86, M93)
3/44 = 6.8% F-M89(xM69, M172, M9)
1/44 = 2.3% H-M82
1/44 = 2.3% K-M9(xM11, M175, M45)
1/44 = 2.3% O-M175(xM95, M122)
8/44 = 18.2% O-M95
6/44 = 13.6% O-M122(xM134)
6/44 = 13.6% O-M134(xM133)
6/44 = 13.6% O-M133(xM163)
4/44 = 9.1% P-M45(xM173)
5/44 = 11.4% R-M173

Khynriam (traditionally Settled Agriculturists in the East Khasi Hills near Shillong)
3/87 = 3.4% C2-M217(xP39, M86, M93)
5/87 = 5.7% F-M89(xM69, M172, M9)
4/87 = 4.6% H-M82
4/87 = 4.6% K-M9(xM11, M175, M45)
8/87 = 9.2% O-M175(xM95, M122)
31/87 = 35.6% O-M95
13/87 = 14.9% O-M122(xM134)
6/87 = 6.9% O-M134(xM133)
2/87 = 2.3% O-M133(xM163)
6/87 = 6.9% P-M45(xM173)
5/87 = 5.7% R-M173

War-Jaintia (traditionally Horticulturists in the south of the Jaintia Hills, facing Sylhet Division of Bangladesh)
1/19 = 5.3% C2-M217(xP39, M86, M93)
1/19 = 5.3% K-M9(xM11, M175, M45)
1/19 = 5.3% O-M175(xM95, M122)
8/19 = 42.1% O-M95
5/19 = 26.3% O-M122(xM134)
1/19 = 5.3% O-M133(xM163)
1/19 = 5.3% P-M45(xM173)
1/19 = 5.3% R-M173

War-Khasi (traditionally Horticulturists in the south of the East Khasi Hills, facing Sylhet Division of Bangladesh)
2/29 = 6.9% C2-M217(xP39, M86, M93)
1/29 = 3.4% F-M89(xM69, M172, M9)
1/29 = 3.4% H-M69(xM82)
4/29 = 13.8% K-M9(xM11, M175, M45)
5/29 = 17.2% O-M95
8/29 = 27.6% O-M122(xM134)
2/29 = 6.9% O-M134(xM133)
2/29 = 6.9% O-M133(xM163)
2/29 = 6.9% P-M45(xM173)
2/29 = 6.9% R-M173

Lyngngam (traditionally Shifting Cultivators in the West Khasi Hills)
10/60 = 16.7% C2-M217(xP39, M86, M93)
2/60 = 3.3% F-M89(xM69, M172, M9)
1/60 = 1.7% H-M69(xM82)
1/60 = 1.7% K-M9(xM11, M175, M45)
4/60 = 6.7% O-M175(xM95, M122)
18/60 = 30.0% O-M95
11/60 = 18.3% O-M122(xM134)
1/60 = 1.7% O-M134(xM133)
5/60 = 8.3% O-M133(xM163)
3/60 = 5.0% P-M45(xM173)
4/60 = 6.7% R-M173

Bhoi (traditionally Shifting Cultivators in the Ri-Bhoi District, facing Assam)
1/32 = 3.1% F-M89(xM69, M172, M9)
2/32 = 6.3% H-M82
5/32 = 15.6% K-M9(xM11, M175, M45)
3/32 = 9.4% O-M175(xM95, M122)
7/32 = 21.9% O-M95
11/32 = 34.4% O-M122(xM134)
2/32 = 6.3% P-M45(xM173)
1/32 = 3.1% R-M173

Nongtrai (traditionally Shifting Cultivators in the north of the West Khasi Hills, facing Assam)
6/18 = 33.3% C2-M217(xP39, M86, M93)
2/18 = 11.1% F-M89(xM69, M172, M9)
2/18 = 11.1% K-M9(xM11, M175, M45)
4/18 = 22.2% O-M95
2/18 = 11.1% O-M122(xM134)
2/18 = 11.1% O-M133(xM163)

Khasi total (Reddy et al. 2007)
27/353 = 7.6% C2-M217(xP39, M86, M93)
14/353 = 4.0% F-M89(xM69, M172, M9)
3/353 = 0.85% H-M69(xM82)
8/353 = 2.3% H-M82
20/353 = 5.7% K-M9(xM11, M175, M45)
20/353 = 5.7% O-M175(xM95, M122)
107/353 = 30.3% O-M95
69/353 = 19.5% O-M122(xM134)
21/353 = 5.9% O-M134(xM133)
22/353 = 6.2% O-M133(xM163)
19/353 = 5.4% P-M45(xM173)
23/353 = 6.5% R-M173

Khasi (Chaubey et al. 2011)
2/21 = 9.5% F-M89(xM69, M304, M9)
3/21 = 14.3% H-M69
10/21 = 47.6% O2-M95
5/21 = 23.8% O3-M122
1/21 = 4.8% R1-M173

Khasi (Tamang et al. 2018)
1/40 = 2.5% C
1/40 = 2.5% H1a
1/40 = 2.5% J2
1/40 = 2.5% NO(xN, O)
11/40 = 27.5% O2a
18/40 = 45.0% O3a2c1-M134
3/40 = 7.5% R1a
4/40 = 10.0% undetermined

The Khasis appear to be quite heterogeneous in their Y-DNA as well. However, a signal of the Khasis' connection with other Austroasiatic-speaking populations seems to be reflected in the notable presence among them of Y-DNA that belongs to haplogroup O-M95. This is especially interesting considering the fact that the Khasis are well known for their practice of matrilineal inheritance of property.

[Ebizur]

One may infer from the haplogroups of the present-day Khasi population that they should be approximately 36% to 40% "Indian" by ancestry; this includes approximately 12% Western ancestry that is shared with Europeans, with the remainder (approximately 24% to 28% of the Khasis' total ancestry) being most likely derived from various Paleolithic populations of the southern fringe of Asia. The major part of the present-day Khasis' ancestry (approximately 60% to 64%) should be related to populations of East Asia.

These figures are pretty close to autosomal admixture estimates of the Khasis that I have encountered, so they are probably not a significantly drifted population.

[Tsakhur]

One may infer from the haplogroups of the present-day Khasi population that they should be approximately 36% to 40% "Indian" by ancestry; this includes approximately 12% Western ancestry that is shared with Europeans, with the remainder (approximately 24% to 28% of the Khasis' total ancestry) being most likely derived from various Paleolithic populations of the southern fringe of Asia. The major part of the present-day Khasis' ancestry (approximately 60% to 64%) should be related to populations of East Asia.

These figures are pretty close to autosomal admixture estimates of the Khasis that I have encountered, so they are probably not a significantly drifted population.

Sorry for the very late reply. Hope you would responded back

I also thought the Khasis will be somewhere around 12-15% West Eurasian.

Which figures? What's the autosomal admixture estimates for the Khasis that you seen? Around 12% Western Eurasian or a bit more, 60-64% East Asian, 24-28% AASI?