Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from

[maroco]

what’s your thoughts and do you agree with this study

https://www.pnas.org/content/115/26/6774

[theplayer]

One thing I have wondered is so you have first taforalt-related ancestry from the IBM-culture to the early neolithic and then in the late neolithic that is replaced with ~2/3 anatolian farmer/EEF related.
So when does afroasiatic(berber) ancestry enter the region? (assuming berber languages was spread by migrations)

[SilkRoad]

One thing I have wondered is so you have first taforalt-related ancestry from the IBM-culture to the early neolithic and then in the late neolithic that is replaced with ~2/3 anatolian farmer/EEF related.
So when does afroasiatic(berber) ancestry enter the region? (assuming berber languages was spread by migrations)

It's of course not the end of the Berber ethnogenesis, far from it. EM81 yDNA for example is younger by 3000 years or more and Berber languages are very bottlenecked (non-diverse) suggesting an important founder effect.

I don't know where the Afro-Asiatic/Berber language emanated from.

It appears from the ancient data available Natufian-like ancestry already showed up in both the North African Late Copper Age and Early Bronze Age individual outliers from Iberia and Sardinia. It's probably simply the Capsian culture that was ongoing in Neolithic Tunisia and thereby. As this study focus on Neolithic Morocco.

But the most interesting are the Guanche individuals from Canary Islands, who are nearly identical to many modern coastal Berbers and show nearly 40-50% ancestry related to Bell Beaker Iberians, meaning that later Iron Age Berbers were likely almost half Bell Beakers half Copper Age North Africans (best represented by the Sardinian outlier from the G25 spreadsheet).

Guanche005

Target:Gun005
Distance : 2,9065%/0.02264150
34 Bell_Beaker_Iberia
24 Mar_Taforalt
20 Tur_Barcin
12.4 Levant Natufian
5 Yoruba
0.8 Iran_Ganjareh_N

Target: Gun005
Distance: 2.2641%/0.02264150
38 Bell_Beaker_Iberian
25 MAR_Taforalt
22 Levant_PPNB
7 TUR_Barcin_N
5 Yoruba
0.8 Iran_Ganjareh N

Modern North Moroccan.
Distance : 2.2457% /0.2245705
35 Bell Beaker Iberia
26.4 Mar Taforalt
16.4 TUR_Barcin_N
10.8 Natufian
5 Yoruba
1 Irn_Ganj_Dareh_N

Target: Canary_Islands_Guanche:gun005
Distance: 3.0884% / 0.04088442
57.8 ITA_Sardinia_C_o
39.2 Bell_Beaker_Iberia
3.0 Yoruba

Guanches don't have any higher Levant and MAR_Taforalt ancestry than the ITA_Sardinia_C_o already has. They basically have less.

[drobbah]

Sudanese ancestry could have arrived with the earliest Berbers when they left NE Africa as this type of ancestry is found in the Cushites,Egyptians & Chadic speakers.


Target: Canary_Islands_Guanche:gun012
Distance: 2.0995% / 0.02099505
30.2 MAR_Taforalt
23.0 Levant_ISR_C
20.8 Bell_Beaker_Iberia
16.6 MAR_LN
9.4 Dinka


Target: Canary_Islands_Guanche:gun008
Distance: 2.7793% / 0.02779265
34.2 Bell_Beaker_Iberia
31.6 Levant_ISR_C
26.4 MAR_Taforalt
6.0 Yoruba
1.8 Dinka

Target: Canary_Islands_Guanche:gun011
Distance: 2.0708% / 0.02070784
33.4 MAR_Taforalt
29.6 Bell_Beaker_Iberia
29.6 Levant_ISR_C
6.4 Yoruba
1.0 Dinka

[SilkRoad]

Fascinating Berber speaking individuals from Anti-Atlas/Souss (Morocco) who can literraly score 0% Natufian or Steppes and retain a huge amount of Taforalt-related and Anatolian/Early European farmer ancestry from the Kelif El Borod (KEB. ) and Ifri N aMoussa (IAM.) sites excavated in the OP study.


Target: Berber_MAR_TIZ:BerT9
Distance: 2.1924% / 0.02192391
44.2 MAR_Taforalt
43.4 TUR_Barcin_N
5.0 Yoruba
4.6 Yamnaya_RUS_Samara
2.6 Bell_Beaker_Iberia
0.2 Levant_Natufian


Target: Berber_MAR_TIZ:BerT7
Distance: 2.0569% / 0.03084939
48.6 MAR_Taforalt
46.2 TUR_Barcin_N
3.6 Yoruba

[The Saite]

Sudanese ancestry could have arrived with the earliest Berbers when they left NE Africa as this type of ancestry is found in the Cushites,Egyptians & Chadic speakers.


Target: Canary_Islands_Guanche:gun012
Distance: 2.0995% / 0.02099505
30.2 MAR_Taforalt
23.0 Levant_ISR_C
20.8 Bell_Beaker_Iberia
16.6 MAR_LN
9.4 Dinka


Target: Canary_Islands_Guanche:gun008
Distance: 2.7793% / 0.02779265
34.2 Bell_Beaker_Iberia
31.6 Levant_ISR_C
26.4 MAR_Taforalt
6.0 Yoruba
1.8 Dinka

Target: Canary_Islands_Guanche:gun011
Distance: 2.0708% / 0.02070784
33.4 MAR_Taforalt
29.6 Bell_Beaker_Iberia
29.6 Levant_ISR_C
6.4 Yoruba
1.0 Dinka

Actually the idea of a mostly Dinka or a Dinka related population existing in Northwest Africa in contact with certain Berbers then later got diluted, isn't really far-fitched if one considered historical writings there. On the other hand, for early AA populations to have such resisting Dinka ancestry (reaching 9% in the model provided) along their migrations from NE Africa to NW Africa when both the Copts (including the far southern upper Egypt ones) and the ancient Egyptians tested up-to-the-moment not showing it. I find problematic. Worth to mention that if we replaced the Levant ISR with the combined Historic tested Egyptians -so far- it will still show a good fit too.

Target: ITA_Sardinia_C_o:I15940
Distance: 2.4754% / 0.02475367
42.4 MAR_Taforalt
18.0 TUR_Barcin_N
15.8 EGY_Historic
15.6 Iberia_N
7.6 Dinka
0.6 CMR_Shum_Laka_3000BP


Target: Iberia_Central_CA_Afr:I4246
Distance: 1.9200% / 0.01920010
33.4 Iberia_N
18.6 EGY_Historic
16.0 MAR_LN
14.0 MAR_Taforalt
10.2 Dinka
7.8 MAR_EN

Also interesting how a Barcin_N source is producing a way better fit than Iberian_N for I15940 but not for I4246, likely reflecting the expanding Euro farmers were somehow heterogeneous themselves due to maybe WHG touches here and there.

[Kale]

The Saite - You should put Peki'in_CA in those models too. While maybe not to be taken literally, it seems to be a good proxy for something important. (Note I don't have any African columns besides Taforalt so the nature of any SSA ancestry is not determined)

Kenya_EarlyPastoralN
"Israel_Peki'in_CA" 44.8
"Mota.SG" 22.75
"Kenya_Kansyore" 18.65
"Morocco_EN.SG" 9
"Malawi_Fingira_2500BP" 4.8
"distance%=0.2033 / distance=0.002033"

Kenya_PastoralN
"Israel_Peki'in_CA" 37
"Mota.SG" 26.4
"Kenya_Kansyore" 24.75
"Morocco_EN.SG" 7.9
"Malawi_Fingira_2500BP" 3.95
"distance%=0.1894 / distance=0.001894"

Tanzania_PN
"Israel_Peki'in_CA" 39.5
"Mota.SG" 26.35
"Kenya_Kansyore" 13.55
"Morocco_EN.SG" 7.8
"Tanzania_Zanzibar_1300BP" 7.7
"South_Africa_2000BP.SG" 2.75
"Kenya_LSA" 2.35
"distance%=0.2496 / distance=0.002496"

Spain_BellBeaker_o
"Israel_Peki'in_CA" 40.7
"Morocco_EN.SG" 19.6
"Croatia_Osijek_MN_Sopot" 14.25
"Sicily_MN" 12.35
"Tanzania_Zanzibar_1300BP" 8.9
"Mota.SG" 4.2
"distance%=0.2781 / distance=0.002781"

Sardinia_BellBeaker_o (the only one that wants any Natufian)
"Morocco_EN.SG" 31.1
"Israel_RaqefetCave_Natufian" 17.75
"Israel_Peki'in_CA" 16.1
"Macedonia_N" 15.95
"Italy_GrottaContinenza_CA.SG" 9.6
"South_Africa_2000BP.SG" 3.95
"Tanzania_Zanzibar_1300BP" 2.8
"Tanzania_Pemba_600BP" 2.75
"distance%=0.1769 / distance=0.001769"

Sardinia_BellBeaker_o (but removing it doesn't totally trash the fit)
"Israel_Peki'in_CA" 44.7
"Morocco_EN.SG" 33.45
"South_Africa_2000BP.SG" 7.85
"Macedonia_N" 6.5
"Italy_N.SG" 5.75
"Italy_CA.SG" 1.15
"Tanzania_Zanzibar_1300BP" 0.55
"Tanzania_Pemba_600BP" 0.05
"distance%=0.2918 / distance=0.002918"

Columns:,Anatolia_Barcin_N,Levant_N,Iran_GanjDareh _N,CHG.SG,Taforalt,Vanuatu_ancient,PrimorskyKrai_B oisman_MN,Peru_Laramate_900BP,Karelia_HG,IronGates _Meso1,Yamnaya_Samara,Ust_Ishim.DG

Regress that back and it looks like we might find a population in Northeast Africa like...
69% Peki'in_CA
17% East-African
14% Taforalt

[drobbah]

for early AA populations to have such resisting Dinka ancestry (reaching 9% in the model provided) along their migrations from NE Africa to NW Africa when both the Copts (including the far southern upper Egypt ones) and the ancient Egyptians tested up-to-the-moment not showing it. I find problematic. Worth to mention that if we replaced the Levant ISR with the combined Historic tested Egyptians -so far- it will still show a good fit too.

Ancient Egyptians and Copts both show Sudanese ancestry despite being heavily admixed with BA Levantines and carrying minor Euro Steppe ancestry.The idea that the earliest speakers of AA carried Sudanese ancestry is not far-fetched at all

IA & historical era Egyptians:

Target: Levant_Beirut_IAIII_Egyptian:SFI-44
Distance: 3.0238% / 0.03023813
58.2	Levant_Megiddo_MLBA
27.6	Levant_PPNB
6.2	Yamnaya_UKR
3.8	SUDANESE7
2.2	MAR_Taforalt
2.0	MAR_LN

Target: EGY_Late_Period:JK2911
Distance: 2.2156% / 0.02215565
35.8	Levant_Megiddo_MLBA
32.6	Levant_JOR_EBA
23.8	Levant_PPNB
5.8	MAR_Taforalt
1.6	SUDANESE7
0.4	Yamnaya_UKR

Target: EGY_Late_Period:JK2134
Distance: 3.3999% / 0.03399880
50.6	Levant_Megiddo_MLBA
43.2	Levant_PPNB
3.8	SUDANESE7
2.2	MAR_Taforalt
0.2	Yamnaya_UKR

Target: EGY_Hellenistic:JK2888
Distance: 4.3966% / 0.04396567
52.8	Levant_Megiddo_MLBA
41.2	Levant_PPNB
4.0	SUDANESE7
2.0	MAR_Taforalt

[Cabaon]

Sudanese ancestry could have arrived with the earliest Berbers when they left NE Africa as this type of ancestry is found in the Cushites,Egyptians & Chadic speakers.


Target: Canary_Islands_Guanche:gun012
Distance: 2.0995% / 0.02099505
30.2 MAR_Taforalt
23.0 Levant_ISR_C
20.8 Bell_Beaker_Iberia
16.6 MAR_LN
9.4 Dinka


Target: Canary_Islands_Guanche:gun008
Distance: 2.7793% / 0.02779265
34.2 Bell_Beaker_Iberia
31.6 Levant_ISR_C
26.4 MAR_Taforalt
6.0 Yoruba
1.8 Dinka

Target: Canary_Islands_Guanche:gun011
Distance: 2.0708% / 0.02070784
33.4 MAR_Taforalt
29.6 Bell_Beaker_Iberia
29.6 Levant_ISR_C
6.4 Yoruba
1.0 Dinka

I think it's shared alleles because of a common origin with the HOA population (which reinforced the idea of Proto-afroasiatics being located in the Near East or The Delta area) :

A single prehistoric migration of both the Maghrebi and the Ethio-Somali back into Africa is the most parsimonious hypothesis. That is, a common ancestral population migrated into northeast Africa through the Sinai and then split into two, with one branch continuing west across North Africa and the other heading south into the HOA

https://journals.plos.org/plosgeneti...l.pgen.1004393

This is also confirmed by the presence of the capsian culture both in Tunisia and Nubia

There is no reason to believe a north-east african group settled in the Maghreb.

[drobbah]

I think it's shared alleles because of a common origin with the HOA population (which reinforced the idea of Proto-afroasiatics being located in the Near East or The Delta area) :




https://journals.plos.org/plosgeneti...l.pgen.1004393

This is also confirmed by the presence of the capsian culture both in Tunisia and Nubia

There is no reason to believe a north-east african group settled in the Maghreb.

Dinka isn't a HOA population....