The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the

[Ebizur]

cf. High-resolution analysis of the Y-DNA of 1,521 present-day Mongol males from the database of 23mofang (as of 2020/12/22)

Non-Eastern Eurasian Y-DNA among ethnic Mongols (蒙古族 Menggu-zu) in China:
4/1521 = 0.26% E-M78
1/1521 = 0.07% E-Y16549
5/1521 = 0.33% E-L142.1
1/1521 = 0.07% E-M123
2/1521 = 0.13% G-P15
1/1521 = 0.07% G-P15 > G-L14
1/1521 = 0.07% G-P15 > G-P303
1/1521 = 0.07% G-P15 > G-P303 > G-L1266
4/1521 = 0.26% G-P15 > G-P303 > G-L1266 > G-L1264
1/1521 = 0.07% G-P15 > G-P303 > G-L1266 > G-L1264 > G-S9409
1/1521 = 0.07% H-M52
1/1521 = 0.07% H-M52 > H-Z4417
1/1521 = 0.07% I-M438
1/1521 = 0.07% I-M438 > I-M223
1/1521 = 0.07% I-M438 > I-Z26403
11/1521 = 0.72% J-M304
1/1521 = 0.07% J1-L255
1/1521 = 0.07% J2b-Y958
2/1521 = 0.13% J2a-M410
1/1521 = 0.07% J2a-MF224064
1/1521 = 0.07% J2a-PF5119
1/1521 = 0.07% J2a-PF4888
2/1521 = 0.13% J2a-F3133
2/1521 = 0.13% L-M357
1/1521 = 0.07% Q-BZ872
1/1521 = 0.07% Q-L715
5/1521 = 0.33% Q-L330
1/1521 = 0.07% Q-L330 > Q-ZS3313
2/1521 = 0.13% Q-L330 > Q-B287
5/1521 = 0.33% R1a-PF6162
6/1521 = 0.39% R1a-PF6162 > R-F992
1/1521 = 0.07% R1a-PF6162 > R-F992 > R-KMS149
12/1521 = 0.79% R1a-PF6162 > R-F992 > R-F3105
2/1521 = 0.13% R1a-PF6162 > R-F992 > R-F3105 > R-Z2124
1/1521 = 0.07% R1a-PF6162 > R-F992 > R-F3105 > R-Z2124 > R-S4576
11/1521 = 0.72% R1a-PF6162 > R-F992 > R-F3105 > R-Z2124 > R-Z2123
1/1521 = 0.07% R1a-PF6162 > R-Z283
1/1521 = 0.07% R1a-PF6162 > R-Z283 > R-M458
2/1521 = 0.13% R1a-PF6162 > R-Z283 > R-M458 > R-CTS11962.1
1/1521 = 0.07% R1a-PF6162 > R-Z283 > R-M458 > R-CTS11962.1 > R-FGC20517
1/1521 = 0.07% R1a-PF6162 > R-Z283 > R-CTS1211
1/1521 = 0.07% R1a-L146
1/1521 = 0.07% R1b-L754
2/1521 = 0.13% R1b-L754 > R-L23
1/1521 = 0.07% R1b-L754 > R-L23 > R-Z2103
1/1521 = 0.07% R1b-L754 > R-M478
4/1521 = 0.26% R1b-L754 > R-M478 > R-Y20748
13/1521 = 0.85% R1b-L754 > R-M478 > R-L1432
3/1521 = 0.20% R1b-L754 > R-V1636
3/1521 = 0.20% R1b-PH155
1/1521 = 0.07% R2-Y101424
2/1521 = 0.13% R2-Y12100
1/1521 = 0.07% R2-Y12100 > R-V3467
------
135/1521 = 8.88% Y(xC, D, N, O, Q-M120) total
(Note: including Q-M120 and C-MF56332 would bring the total of non-Eastern Eurasian Y-DNA among Mongols in China to 173/1521 = 11.37%.)

G-L1266 (minimum 0.39%, maximum 0.59%) appears to be the predominant subclade of haplogroup G among Mongols in China, whereas G-CTS342 (approx. 0.03%) appears to be the most common subclade of haplogroup G among the general Chinese population. G-L1266 and G-CTS342 share a most recent common ancestor in G-PF3345 (TMRCA 9450 ybp).

2/1521 = 0.13% Q-M120
7/1521 = 0.46% Q-M120 > Q-F1626
1/1521 = 0.07% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-MF1647
1/1521 = 0.07% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-MF1647 > Q-Y144860
1/1521 = 0.07% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-MF1647 > Q-Y144860 > Q-F24442
1/1521 = 0.07% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-MF1647 > Q-Y144860 > Q-F24442 > Q-Y144844
1/1521 = 0.07% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-MF1647 > Q-Y144860 > Q-F24442 > Q-MF56905
4/1521 = 0.26% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-Y560
7/1521 = 0.46% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-Y560 > Q-F4667
1/1521 = 0.07% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-Y560 > Q-F4667 > Q-MF30732
1/1521 = 0.07% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-Y560 > Q-F4667 > Q-MF176294
2/1521 = 0.13% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-Y560 > Q-F4667 > Q-MF32154
2/1521 = 0.13% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-Y560 > Q-F4777
5/1521 = 0.33% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-Y560 > Q-F4777 > Q-F4759
1/1521 = 0.07% Q-M120 > Q-F1626 > Q-Y560 > Q-PH1003
37/1521 = 2.43% Q-M120 total

1/1521 = 0.07% C1-F3393 > C1a2b2a1b1-MF56332 [C-MF56332 is a branch of C-M356(xP92) that also has been found in at least one Manchu. Its TMRCA with South Asian/Southwest Asian C-P92 is estimated by 23mofang to be 23,240 ybp.]

Eastern Eurasian Y-DNA among ethnic Mongols in China:
5/1521 = 0.33% C-Y10417
7/1521 = 0.46% C-Y10417 > C-F3830
5/1521 = 0.33% C-Y10417 > C-F3830 > C-F9721
5/1521 = 0.33% C-Y10417 > C-F3830 > C-F9721 > C-F11330
2/1521 = 0.13% C-Y10417 > C-F3830 > C-F9721 > C-F11330 > C-MF52672
9/1521 = 0.59% C-Y10417 > C-F3830 > C-F9721 > C-F12439
11/1521 = 0.72% C-Y10417 > C-F3830 > C-MF10337
1/1521 = 0.07% C-Y10417 > C-F3830 > C-MF10337 > C-MF39948
8/1521 = 0.53% C-Y10417 > C-F3830 > C-Z32844
4/1521 = 0.26% C-Y10417 > C-Y10420
57/1521 = 3.75% C-F3918 > C-Y10417 total [TMRCA 4700 ybp]

2/1521 = 0.13% C-M504
1/1521 = 0.07% C-M504 > C-Y11121 [TMRCA 2820 ybp]
5/1521 = 0.33% C-M504 > C-Y11121 > C-F3796
9/1521 = 0.59% C-M504 > C-Y11121 > C-F3796 > C-SK1072
8/1521 = 0.53% C-M504 > C-Y11121 > C-F3796 > C-MF187180
47/1521 = 3.09% C-M504 > C-Y11121 > C-F3796 > C-Y4580
3/1521 = 0.20% C-M504 > C-Y11121 > C-F3796 > C-Y4580 > C-Y4541
2/1521 = 0.13% C-M504 > C-Y11121 > C-F3796 > C-Y4580 > C-F9747
5/1521 = 0.33% C-M504 > C-Y11121 > C-F3796 > C-Y4580 > C-F9747 > C-F10001
1/1521 = 0.07% C-M504 > C-Y11121 > C-F3796 > C-Y4580 > C-F9747 > C-F10001 > C-F11885
3/1521 = 0.20% C-M504 > C-Y11121 > C-F3796 > C-Y4580 > C-F9747 > C-F10001 > C-MF204232
5/1521 = 0.33% C-M504 > C-Y11121 > C-F3796 > C-Y4580 > C-F9747 > C-F14768
91/1521 = 5.98% C-Y4553 > C-M504 total [TMRCA 7460 ybp]

6/1521 = 0.39% C-M86
3/1521 = 0.20% C-M86 > C-SK1061
4/1521 = 0.26% C-M86 > C-SK1061 > C-B469
23/1521 = 1.51% C-M86 > C-SK1061 > C-B469 > C-B87
3/1521 = 0.20% C-M86 > C-SK1061 > C-B469 > C-B87 > C-Z32853
2/1521 = 0.13% C-M86 > C-F6379
2/1521 = 0.13% C-M86 > C-F6379 > C-F8472
2/1521 = 0.13% C-M86 > C-F6379 > C-Y12825
33/1521 = 2.17% C-M86 > C-F6379 > C-Y12825 > C-F6193
1/1521 = 0.07% C-M86 > C-F6379 > C-Y12825 > C-Y15844
79/1521 = 5.19% C-M48 > C-M86 total [TMRCA 3700 ybp]

2/1521 = 0.13% C-ACT1984
229/1521 = 15.06% C-F3447 total [TMRCA 16730 ybp]

8/1521 = 0.53% C-M407 [TMRCA 3890 ybp]
7/1521 = 0.46% C-M407 > C-F3850 [TMRCA 3770 ybp]
3/1521 = 0.20% C-M407 > C-F3850 > C-F3916 [TMRCA 3310 ybp]
8/1521 = 0.53% C-M407 > C-F3850 > C-F10378 [TMRCA 1710 ybp]
37/1521 = 2.43% C-M407 > C-F3850 > C-F10378 > C-F8536 [TMRCA 510 ybp]
63/1521 = 4.14% C-M407 total

1/1521 = 0.07% C-MF1605
1/1521 = 0.07% C-MF1605 > C-MF1724
1/1521 = 0.07% C-MF1605 > C-MF1724 > C-MF1722
1/1521 = 0.07% C-MF1605 > C-MF1724 > C-MF1722 > C-MF1732
1/1521 = 0.07% C-CTS8629
1/1521 = 0.07% C-CTS8629 > C-F24717
2/1521 = 0.13% C-Y86025
1/1521 = 0.07% C-MF1550
1/1521 = 0.07% C-MF1550 > C-MF1690
2/1521 = 0.13% C-MF1550 > C-MF3319
1/1521 = 0.07% C-MF3752
1/1521 = 0.07% C-MF3019
2/1521 = 0.13% C-Y104202
2/1521 = 0.13% C-Y104202 > C-Y94883
18/1521 = 1.18% C-CTS2657(xM407) total
81/1521 = 5.33% C-CTS2657 total [TMRCA 9000 ybp]

1/1521 = 0.07% C-F1319 [TMRCA 8160 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% C-F1319 > C-F2883
1/1521 = 0.07% C-F1319 > C-F2883 > C-F10036
2/1521 = 0.13% C-F1319 > C-F2883 > C-F10036 > C-F13864
2/1521 = 0.13% C-F1319 > C-F2883 > C-F10036 > C-F13864 > C-MF36057
8/1521 = 0.53% C-F1319 > C-F2883 > C-F10036 > C-F13864 > C-F13136
1/1521 = 0.07% C-F1319 > C-F2883 > C-F10036 > C-F13864 > C-F13136 > C-MF57059
1/1521 = 0.07% C-F1319 > C-F2883 > C-Y97227
2/1521 = 0.13% C-F1319 > C-MF1029
1/1521 = 0.07% C-F1319 > C-MF1029 > C-MF1050
1/1521 = 0.07% C-F1319 > C-MF1029 > C-MF1050 > C-YP718
1/1521 = 0.07% C-F1319 > C-MF1955
4/1521 = 0.26% C-F1319 > C-Y86052
4/1521 = 0.26% C-F1319 > C-Y86052 > C-Y106101
2/1521 = 0.13% C-F1319 > C-Y86052 > C-Y106101 > C-Y95860
1/1521 = 0.07% C-F1319 > C-Y86052 > C-Y106101 > C-Y95860 > C-MF1877
1/1521 = 0.07% C-F1319 > C-Y86052 > C-Y106101 > C-Y95860 > C-MF10340
1/1521 = 0.07% C-F1319 > C-MF175975
1/1521 = 0.07% C-F1319 > C-MF2951
1/1521 = 0.07% C-MF1061 [TMRCA 6240 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% C-FGC45553 [TMRCA 6120 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% C-FGC45553 > C-FGC45548
1/1521 = 0.07% C-FGC45553 > C-FGC45548 > C-Z45207
1/1521 = 0.07% C-FGC45553 > C-FGC45548 > C-Z45207 > C-FGC45566
41/1521 = 2.70% C-K700 total [TMRCA 9120 ybp]

7/1521 = 0.46% C-CTS10923 [TMRCA 6520 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% C-CTS10923 > C-F5477
1/1521 = 0.07% C-CTS10923 > C-F5477 > C-MF36579
2/1521 = 0.13% C-CTS10923 > C-F5477 > C-MF3763
1/1521 = 0.07% C-CTS10923 > C-F5477 > C-MF5307
5/1521 = 0.33% C-CTS10923 > C-MF2039
1/1521 = 0.07% C-CTS10923 > C-MF3406
1/1521 = 0.07% C-CTS10923 > C-FGC39599
19/1521 = 1.25% C-F845 > C-K548 > C-CTS10923 total
141/1521 = 9.27% C-CTS2 > C-F978 total [TMRCA 10430 ybp]

1/1521 = 0.07% C-CTS4660 > C-MF89401 [TMRCA 1590 ybp. Appears to have originated from the Lingnan region.]
371/1521 = 24.39% C2-M217 total [TMRCA 32270 ybp]

1/1521 = 0.07% D-M533 [TMRCA 11800 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% D-M533 > D-Z42599
10/1521 = 0.66% D-M533 > D-Y14736 [TMRCA 2720 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% D-M533 > D-Y14736 > D-F19503
17/1521 = 1.12% D-M533 > D-Y14736 > D-Y14813 [TMRCA 1370 ybp] (Presumed to be the lineage of the royal family of Xixia, which was destroyed by the Mongols under Genghis Khan during his final campaign ca. 1227 AD.)
30/1521 = 1.97% D-M533 total

2/1521 = 0.13% D-MF122648 [TMRCA 5670 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% D-MF122648 > D-F3401
2/1521 = 0.13% D-MF122648 > D-F3401 > D-F19133
1/1521 = 0.07% D-MF122648 > D-MF175570
1/1521 = 0.07% D-F729 [TMRCA 12240 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% D-F729 > D-FGC41743.2 [TMRCA 9140 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% D-F729 > D-FGC41743.2 > D-ACT3906
1/1521 = 0.07% D-F729 > D-FGC41743.2 > D-MF73675
1/1521 = 0.07% D-F729 > D-FGC41743.2 > D-MF73675 > D-F22360
2/1521 = 0.13% D-F729 > D-FGC41743.2 > D-MF73675 > D-F22360 > D-MF67181
2/1521 = 0.13% D-F729 > D-FGC41743.2 > D-Y62194
1/1521 = 0.07% D-F729 > D-FGC41743.2 > D-Y62194 > D-F17409
16/1521 = 1.05% D-Z27278 total [TMRCA 17290 ybp]
46/1521 = 3.02% D-F6251 total [TMRCA 46570 ybp]

1/1521 = 0.07% D-M116.1
47/1521 = 3.09% D-CTS11577 total [TMRCA 46590 ybp]

2/1521 = 0.13% N2-B482

3/1521 = 0.20% N-CTS582 > N-CTS962 [TMRCA 6510 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% N-CTS582 > N-CTS962 > N-MF28996
1/1521 = 0.07% N-CTS582 > N-CTS962 > N-MF22879
2/1521 = 0.13% N-CTS582 > N-Y6374 > N-L727 [TMRCA 12600 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% N-CTS582 > N-Y6374 > N-L727 > N-F4208
3/1521 = 0.20% N-CTS582 > N-Y6374 > N-L727 > N-F4208 > N-Y16106
3/1521 = 0.20% N-CTS582 > N-Y6374 > N-L727 > N-F4208 > N-F839
1/1521 = 0.07% N-CTS582 > N-Y6374 > N-L727 > N-F4208 > N-F839 > N-Y170756
1/1521 = 0.07% N-CTS582 > N-Y6374 > N-L727 > N-MF56666
1/1521 = 0.07% N-CTS582 > N-Y6374 > N-Z19712 > N-CTS142
2/1521 = 0.13% N-CTS582 > N-Y6374 > N-Z19712 > N-MF176578
19/1521 = 1.25% N-CTS582 total [TMRCA 12600 ybp]

1/1521 = 0.07% N-M1819 [TMRCA 6670 ybp]
3/1521 = 0.20% N-M1819 > N-F1020 [TMRCA 6420 ybp]
5/1521 = 0.33% N-M1819 > N-F1020 > N-M1928 > N-Y125475 > N-M1793 > N-CTS4714 [TMRCA 6150 ybp]
2/1521 = 0.13% N-M1819 > N-F1020 > N-M1928 > N-Y125475 > N-M1793 > N-CTS4714 > N-F1525
1/1521 = 0.07% N-M1819 > N-F1020 > N-M1928 > N-Y125475 > N-M1793 > N-CTS4714 > N-F1525 > N-Z43910
1/1521 = 0.07% N-M1819 > N-F1020 > N-M1928 > N-Y125475 > N-M1793 > N-CTS4714 > N-Y24191
6/1521 = 0.39% N-M1819 > N-F1020 > N-M1928 > N-Y125475 > N-M1793 > N-CTS4714 > N-Y24191 > N-Y72712
2/1521 = 0.13% N-M1819 > N-F1020 > N-M1928 > N-Y125475 > N-Y61520
21/1521 = 1.38% N-M1819 total
40/1521 = 2.63% N-F2930 total [TMRCA 15900 ybp]

2/1521 = 0.13% N-M2019 [TMRCA 3580 ybp]
2/1521 = 0.13% N-M2019 > N-M2058 [TMRCA 3440 ybp]
4/1521 = 0.26% N-M2019 > N-M2058 > N-A9408 > N-Y77895 > N-Y70200 > N-Y60223 [TMRCA 2730 ybp]
3/1521 = 0.20% N-M2019 > N-M2058 > N-M2016 [TMRCA 2840 ybp] (N-M2016 is the most common clade of Y-DNA among present-day Yakuts.)
11/1521 = 0.72% N-M2019 total

1/1521 = 0.07% N-L1026 [TMRCA 4960 ybp]
9/1521 = 0.59% N-L1026 > N-F4205 [TMRCA 3120 ybp] (N-F4205 is one of the most common Y-DNA haplogroups among present-day Buryats, especially easterly ones, and it also has been found in many archaeological specimens attributed to the Pannonian Avars.)
17/1521 = 1.12% N-L1026 > N-F4205 > N-B219
3/1521 = 0.20% N-L1026 > N-F4205 > N-B219 > N-F2288
2/1521 = 0.13% N-L1026 > N-F4205 > N-B219 > N-Z35327
1/1521 = 0.07% N-L1026 > N-F4205 > N-B219 > N-Z35327 > N-B199
33/1521 = 2.17% N-L1026 total

1/1521 = 0.07% N-Y125681
4/1521 = 0.26% N-Y125681 > N-MF16681
3/1521 = 0.20% N-Y125681 > N-MF16681 > N-MF15765
1/1521 = 0.07% N-Y125681 > N-MF16681 > N-MF15765 > N-MF15344
1/1521 = 0.07% N-Y125681 > N-MF16681 > N-MF15765 > N-MF187517
1/1521 = 0.07% N-Y125681 > N-MF16681 > N-MF15765 > N-MF187517 > N-MF58064
11/1521 = 0.72% N-Y125681 total
55/1521 = 3.62% N-Tat total

1/1521 = 0.07% N-Y149570
2/1521 = 0.13% N-Y149570 > N-F1228
3/1521 = 0.20% N-Y149570 > N-F1228 > N-MF48013
2/1521 = 0.13% N-Y149570 > N-F1228 > N-MF48013 > N-F1474
8/1521 = 0.53% N-Y149570 total
63/1521 = 4.14% N-F2584 total

4/1521 = 0.26% N-L666

1/1521 = 0.07% N-L666 > N-CTS2959
4/1521 = 0.26% N-L666 > N-CTS2959 > N-M128
4/1521 = 0.26% N-L666 > N-CTS2959 > N-M128 > N-F1998
1/1521 = 0.07% N-L666 > N-CTS2959 > N-M128 > N-S27742
1/1521 = 0.07% N-L666 > N-CTS2959 > N-Y41867
11/1521 = 0.72% N-CTS2959 total

1/1521 = 0.07% N-L666 > N-VL67
27/1521 = 1.78% N-L666 > N-VL67 > N-P63
1/1521 = 0.07% N-L666 > N-VL67 > N-P63 > N-Z35131
2/1521 = 0.13% N-L666 > N-VL67 > N-B525
31/1521 = 2.04% N-VL67 total
46/1521 = 2.76% N-L666 total

109/1521 = 7.17% N-F1206 total
151/1521 = 9.93% N total

1/1521 = 0.07% O-Y14027 > O-F3288 > O-FT11768 > O-F1600 > O-MF38492 > O-MF36605 [TMRCA 450 ybp]
4/1521 = 0.26% O-Y14027 > O-F1036 > O-F1009 > O-F970 > O-F3682 [TMRCA 3610 ybp]
2/1521 = 0.13% O-Y14027 > O-Z23193 > O-CTS5726 > O-SK1590 > O-F1476 > O-F2818 > O-MF39476 > O-MF184486 > O-F2857 [TMRCA 4970 ybp]

1/1521 = 0.07% O-CTS8423 [TMRCA 9090 ybp]
4/1521 = 0.26% O-CTS8423 > O-CTS52 [TMRCA 6510 ybp]
2/1521 = 0.13% O-CTS8423 > O-CTS52 > O-CTS701 > O-K644 [TMRCA 5750 ybp]
2/1521 = 0.13% O-CTS8423 > O-CTS52 > O-Y89818 > O-FGC66104 > O-FGC66058 > O-FGC66056 > O-FGC66079 > O-FGC66100 > O-FGC66089 [TMRCA 1770 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% O-CTS8423 > O-CTS52 > O-Y89818 > O-FGC66104 > O-MF6285 > O-MF6560 > O-MF6428 [TMRCA 2080 ybp]
2/1521 = 0.13% O-CTS8423 > O-F2444 [TMRCA 6890 ybp]
12/1521 = 0.79% O-Y14027 > O-Z23193 > O-M307 > O-CTS8423 total [TMRCA 9090 ybp]

1/1521 = 0.07% O-Y14027 > O-Z23193 > O-M307 > O-F446 > O-F5498 > O-Z23406 > O-Z23392 [TMRCA 4750 ybp]

1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78
5/1521 = 0.33% O-F78 > O-F619
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78 > O-F619 > O-F656
2/1521 = 0.13% O-F78 > O-F619 > O-F656 > O-A12440
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78 > O-F619 > O-F656 > O-A12440 > O-A12439
2/1521 = 0.13% O-F78 > O-F619 > O-F656 > O-MF1068
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78 > O-F619 > O-MF1072
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78 > O-F619 > O-A12441
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78 > O-F619 > O-A12441 > O-Y75988
2/1521 = 0.13% O-F78 > O-F619 > O-A12441 > O-Y75988 > O-F18517
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78 > O-F619 > O-MF63704
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78 > O-F619 > O-Z23505
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78 > O-F619 > O-Z23505 > O-CTS11553
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78 > O-F619 > O-Z23505 > O-CTS11553 > O-MF19680
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78 > O-Y137943
2/1521 = 0.13% O-F78 > O-Y137943 > O-MF21015
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78 > O-ACT247
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F78 > O-MF14175
26/1521 = 1.71% O-Y14027 > O-Z23193 > O-M307 > O-F446 > O-Z23448 > O-F140 > O-K611 > O-F206 > O-F78 total [TMRCA 5350 ybp]
46/1521 = 3.02% O1a-M119 > O-Y14027 total [TMRCA 15770 ybp]

4/1521 = 0.26% O-F1204 > O-47Z > O-CTS713 [TMRCA 3510 ybp]
5/1521 = 0.33% O-F1204 > O-47Z > O-CTS713 > O-CTS203 [TMRCA 2340 ybp]
2/1521 = 0.13% O-F1204 > O-47Z > O-CTS713 > O-Y130364 > O-CTS1875 [TMRCA 3150 ybp]
6/1521 = 0.39% O-F1204 > O-K4 > O-L682 > O-K485 > O-CTS723 [TMRCA 3130 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F1204 > O-K4 > O-L682 > O-K485 > O-CTS723 > O-Y24057 > O-A12448 > O-A12446 [TMRCA 2760 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F1204 > O-CTS10687 [TMRCA 4100 ybp]
4/1521 = 0.26% O-F1204 > O-CTS10687 > O-CTS1215 [TMRCA 2180 ybp]
23/1521 = 1.51% O1b2-P49 > O-F1204 total [TMRCA 6970 ybp]

19/1521 = 1.25% O-Page59 > O-Z24309 > O-F4070 > O-F993 > O-F1759 > O-CTS4936 > O-F3346 total [TMRCA 5400 ybp]
3/1521 = 0.20% O-Page59 > O-Z24309 > O-F417 total [TMRCA 11390 ybp]
7/1521 = 0.46% O-Page59 > O-CTS9996 > O-MF14344 > O-MF14132 > O-MF60838 total [TMRCA 6530 ybp]
29/1521 = 1.91% O1b1-F2320 > O-M1470 > O-CTS4040 > O-Page59 total [TMRCA 16050 ybp]

16/1521 = 1.05% O-M95 > O-M1310 > O-F1803 > O-F1252 > O-F2924 total [TMRCA 8950 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% O-M95 > O-M1310 > O-F1803 > O-M1280 > O-M1284 > O-M1368 > O-M1361 > O-FGC29900 > O-Y9325 > O-Z39485 > O-F26580 [TMRCA 5400 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% O-M95 > O-CTS350 [TMRCA 6380 ybp]
18/1521 = 1.18% O-M95 total [TMRCA 11250 ybp]
6/1521 = 0.39% O-F838 total [TMRCA 10730 ybp]
24/1521 = 1.58% O1b1-F2320 > O-M1470 > O-PK4 total [TMRCA 13060 ybp]
76/1521 = 5.00% O1b-M268 total [TMRCA 29190 ybp]

1/1521 = 0.07% O-F1478
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F1478 > O-FGC33994
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F1478 > O-FGC33994 > O-MF14261
3/1521 = 0.20% O-F1478 > O-CTS1936
2/1521 = 0.13% O-F1478 > O-CTS1936 > O-Z43975
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F1478 > O-CTS1936 > O-PH1940
2/1521 = 0.13% O-F4291
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F1867
2/1521 = 0.13% O-F1867 > O-L599
2/1521 = 0.13% O-F1867 > O-L599 > O-Z24958
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F1867 > O-L599 > O-MF21009
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F1867 > O-F854
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F1867 > O-F854 > O-Z43967
1/1521 = 0.07% O-F1867 > O-MF14407
20/1521 = 1.31% O-M122 > O-F36 > O-M324 > O-L127.1 > O-F1876 > O-F2159 total [TMRCA 14890 ybp] (Accounts for approximately 2.18% of all males in present-day China.)

83/1521 = 5.46% O-M122 > O-F36 > O-M324 > O-L127.1 > O-IMS-JST002611 > O-F18 > O-F325 > O-F1365 > O-Y15976 total [TMRCA 5680 ybp] (Accounts for approximately 1.95% of all males in present-day China.)
208/1521 = 13.68% O-M122 > O-F36 > O-M324 > O-L127.1 > O-IMS-JST002611 total [TMRCA 12770 ybp] (Accounts for approximately 14.72% of all males in present-day China.)
175/1521 = 11.51% O-M122 > O-F36 > O-M324 > O-P201 > O-P164 > O-M134 > O-F450 > O-M117 total [TMRCA 13190 ybp] (Accounts for approximately 16.27% of all males in present-day China.)
156/1521 = 10.26% O-M122 > O-F36 > O-M324 > O-P201 > O-P164 > O-M134 > O-F450 > O-F122 total [TMRCA 17380 ybp] (Accounts for approximately 11.32% of all males in present-day China.)
46/1521 = 3.02% O-M122 > O-F36 > O-M324 > O-P201 > O-P164 > O-AM01822 total [TMRCA 15420 ybp] (Accounts for approximately 2.78% of all males in present-day China.)
35/1521 = 2.30% O-M122 > O-F36 > O-M324 > O-P201 > O-M188 total [TMRCA 18180 ybp] (Accounts for approximately 4.72% of all males in present-day China.)
17/1521 = 1.12% O-M122 > O-F36 > O-F742 total [TMRCA 25570 ybp] (Accounts for approximately 1.15% of all males in present-day China.)
657/1521 = 43.20% O2-M122 > O-F36 total [TMRCA 29010 ybp]

~~~~~~~~~~

cf. High-resolution analysis of the Y-DNA of 2,938 present-day Manchu males from the database of 23mofang (as of 2021/1/21)

Non-Eastern Eurasian Y-DNA among ethnic Manchus (满族 Man-zu) in China:
99/2938 = 3.37% Y(xC, D, N, O, Q-M120) total
(Note: including Q-M120 and C-MF56332 would bring the total of non-Eastern Eurasian Y-DNA among Manchus in China to 167/2938 = 5.68%.)

[Ebizur]

1/1521 = 0.07% N-L1026 [TMRCA 4960 ybp]
32/1521 = 2.10% N-L1026 > N-Y6058 > N-Y16323 > N-F4205 total [formed 4870 ybp, TMRCA 3120 ybp] (N-F4205 is one of the most common Y-DNA haplogroups among present-day Buryats, especially easterly ones, and it also has been found in many archaeological specimens attributed to the Pannonian Avars.)

4/1521 = 0.26% N-L666 [TMRCA 9300 ybp]

1/1521 = 0.07% N-L666 > N-CTS2959 [TMRCA 4080 ybp]
4/1521 = 0.26% N-L666 > N-CTS2959 > N-M128 [TMRCA 3830 ybp]
4/1521 = 0.26% N-L666 > N-CTS2959 > N-M128 > N-F1998 [TMRCA 3000 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% N-L666 > N-CTS2959 > N-M128 > N-S27742 [TMRCA 3070 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% N-L666 > N-CTS2959 > N-Y41867 [TMRCA 3460 ybp]
11/1521 = 0.72% N-CTS2959 total

1/1521 = 0.07% N-L666 > N-VL67 [TMRCA 4600 ybp]
27/1521 = 1.78% N-L666 > N-VL67 > N-P63/N-B478 [TMRCA 3720 ybp]
1/1521 = 0.07% N-L666 > N-VL67 > N-P63 > N-Z35131 [TMRCA 3300 ybp]
28/1521 = 1.84% N-P63/N-B478 total (N-P63/N-B478 is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among present-day Nganasan and Nenets males.)
2/1521 = 0.13% N-L666 > N-VL67 > N-B525 [TMRCA 1900 ybp]
31/1521 = 2.04% N-VL67 total
46/1521 = 2.76% N-L666 total

According to this data set, Mongols in China have a minimum of 1.84% and a maximum of 2.17% N-P63/N-B478, whose TMRCA is estimated to be 3720 ybp. N-P63/N-B478 is found in a majority of present-day Nganasan and Nenets males.

Mongols in China also have a minimum of 2.10% and a maximum of 2.17% of N-F4205, whose TMRCA is estimated to be 3120 ybp. N-F4205 also has been found frequently among present-day Buryats and among ancient Pannonian Avar specimens; however, its MRCA with the subclades of N-L1026 that are typically found among present-day Finnic peoples is significantly older (approx. 4960 ybp), and those other subclades of N-L1026 are essentially absent among Mongols in China.

The Finns, Nganasan, and Nenets all speak Uralic languages, yet Mongols in China seem to share a significant Y-DNA link with Nganasan and Nenets to the exclusion of the Finns.

[G-Man]

Ebizur
Is there the same information (% Non-Eastern Eurasian) on the Uighurs?

[Ebizur]

Ebizur
Is there the same information (% Non-Eastern Eurasian) on the Uighurs?

Sort of, but it is not so thorough as the synopsis of the Y-DNA of Mongols in China.

23mofang apparently had only 691 members who had indicated Uyghur ethnicity as of 2020/11/24, and 671 of those had indicated an origin in Xinjiang.

A rough breakdown of the Y-DNA of those 671 Uyghurs from Xinjiang is as follows:

31% R
16% J
16% O
10% C
6% Q
5% N
4% G
3% L
3% D
2% H
2% E
2% I, T, K, F total

More precise Y-DNA assignments for the Xinjiang Uyghur members of R, J, O, and C have been provided.

As you may see, about 60% of present-day Uyghurs in Xinjiang appear to belong to Western Eurasian Y-DNA haplogroups.

[Coldmountains]

Sort of, but it is not so thorough as the synopsis of the Y-DNA of Mongols in China.

23mofang apparently had only 691 members who had indicated Uyghur ethnicity as of 2020/11/24, and 671 of those had indicated an origin in Xinjiang.

A rough breakdown of the Y-DNA of those 671 Uyghurs from Xinjiang is as follows:

31% R
16% J
16% O
10% C
6% Q
5% N
4% G
3% L
3% D
2% H
2% E
2% I, T, K, F total

More precise Y-DNA assignments for the Xinjiang Uyghur members of R, J, O, and C have been provided.

As you may see, about 60% of present-day Uyghurs in Xinjiang appear to belong to Western Eurasian Y-DNA haplogroups.

There was a new study this year with Uyghur samples from Kazakhstan (also with new Hazara, Tajik and Central Asian samples) and they were also deeper analyzed on some Chinese site similar to Yfull. Probably more East Asian than Chinese Uyghurs and from first view their R1a looks more Scytho-Siberian and less Indo-Aryan shifted (Tarim Basin/Chinese Uyghurs have lot of R1a-Y3 typical for modern-day South Asians)

https://www.theytree.com/portal/inde...keyword=uyghur (deeper Y-DNA analysis)

Uyghur-1 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region J1
Uyghur-2 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region O1b1a1b-PK4-F1127
Uyghur-3 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region C2a1a3-M504-F9700
Uyghur-4 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region Q1a-PH4284
Uyghur-5 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region R1a1a-M17
Uyghur-6 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region R1b1a1a1-L1435
Uyghur-7 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region R1a1a-M17
Uyghur-8 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region G2a2b2a4-Z30508
Uyghur-9 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region J2a2a1a1-Z38508
Uyghur-10 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region R1a1a-M17
Uyghur-11 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region C2a1a3-M504-F9700
Uyghur-12 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region Q1a-PH4284
Uyghur-13 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region O2a2b1a1b-M117
Uyghur-14 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region G2a2b2a4-Z30508
Uyghur-15 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region C2b1a1a1a1d-M407-F3916
Uyghur-16 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region N1c-M46-F4065
Uyghur-17 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region C2a1a3-M504-SK1072
Uyghur-18 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region O2a1c- IMS-JST002611-F325
Uyghur-19 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region R1a1a-M17

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/10/1776/htm

[Ebizur]

There was a new study this year with Uyghur samples from Kazakhstan (also with new Hazara, Tajik and Central Asian samples) and they were also deeper analyzed on some Chinese site similar to Yfull. Probably more East Asian than Chinese Uyghurs and from first view their R1a looks more Scytho-Siberian and less Indo-Aryan shifted (Tarim Basin/Chinese Uyghurs have lot of R1a-Y3 typical for modern-day South Asians)

https://www.theytree.com/portal/inde...keyword=uyghur (deeper Y-DNA analysis)

Uzbek-1 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region C2a1a3-M504-SK1072
Uzbek-2 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region L-M20
Uzbek-3 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region O2a2b1a2a-M122-F444-F743
Uzbek-4 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region N1c-F1206
Uzbek-5 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region D1a1a2-N1-F1635
Uzbek-6 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region I1a
Uzbek-7 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region J2a
Uzbek-8 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region J1a1b1b1a2a1a1a-PF4847
Uzbek-9 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region J2
Uzbek-10 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region O2a1c- IMS-JST002611-F325
Uzbek-11 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region H1a1d2-M2772
Uzbek-12 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region O2a1c- IMS-JST002611-F325
Uzbek-13 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region R1a1a-M17
Uzbek-14 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region J2-L1064
Uzbek-15 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region J2a
Uzbek-16 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region R1b1a2a2-M12145
Uzbek-17 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region C2a1a2a-M48-M77
Uzbek-18 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region R1a1a-M17
Uzbek-19 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region J2a
Uzbek-20 Uzbek Republic of Kazakhstan Turkistan Region O2a1c- IMS-JST002611-F325

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/10/1776/htm

It is great to have some high-resolution data regarding Uzbek Y-DNA, too.

The following are the 19 Uyghurs from Almaty Region, Kazakhstan as presented in Table S1 of Maxat Zhabagin et al. (2022), "Ancient Components and Recent Expansion in the Eurasian Heartland: Insights into the Revised Phylogeny of Y-Chromosomes from Central Asia":

107 Y21100000492584 Uyghur-1 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region J1
108 Y21100000492585 Uyghur-2 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region O1b1a1b-PK4-F1127
109 Y21100000492586 Uyghur-3 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region C2a1a3-M504-F9700
110 Y21100000492587 Uyghur-4 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region Q1a-PH4284
111 Y21100000492588 Uyghur-5 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region R1a1a-M17
112 Y21100000492589 Uyghur-6 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region R1b1a1a1-L1435
113 Y21100000492590 Uyghur-7 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region R1a1a-M17
114 Y21100000492591 Uyghur-8 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region G2a2b2a4-Z30508
115 Y21100000492592 Uyghur-9 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region J2a2a1a1-Z38508
116 Y21100000492593 Uyghur-10 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region R1a1a-M17
117 Y21100000492594 Uyghur-11 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region C2a1a3-M504-F9700
118 Y21100000492595 Uyghur-12 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region Q1a-PH4284
119 Y21100000492596 Uyghur-13 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region O2a2b1a1b-M117
120 Y21100000492597 Uyghur-14 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region G2a2b2a4-Z30508
121 Y21100000492598 Uyghur-15 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region C2b1a1a1a1d-M407-F3916
122 Y21100000492599 Uyghur-16 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region N1c-M46-F4065
123 Y21100000492600 Uyghur-17 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region C2a1a3-M504-SK1072
124 Y21100000492601 Uyghur-18 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region O2a1c- IMS-JST002611-F325
125 Y21100000492602 Uyghur-19 Uyghur Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Region R1a1a-M17

[M10 woman]

mtDNA M10 that was contributed to Mongolians, Uyghurs and Saudi Arabians was one of the first females to interact with males of the N haplogroup. It arrived to Northeast China via the Shandong Peninsula.

Haplogroup M10 [16] – small clade found in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Bangladesh, Central Asia, Saudi Arabia, southern Siberia, Russia, Belarus, and Poland [TMRCA 23,600 (95% CI 17,100 <-> 31,700) ybp[61]]
M10-514C!/A15218G/C16362T!
M10-514C!/A15218G/C16362T!* – Poland
M10-T3167C/C4140T/T8793C/C12549T/A13152G/T14502C/C15040T/T15071C
M10a [TMRCA 16,700 (95% CI 11,800 <-> 22,800) ybp[61]]
M10a* – Myanmar
M10a1 – China, Thailand, Myanmar, Japan, Shor, Daur [TMRCA 14,400 (95% CI 11,100 <-> 18,400) ybp[61]]
M10a1* – Myanmar, Central Thailand (Mon), Japan (Aichi)
M10a1-G16129A!!!
M10a1-A13105G!/T16362C – Shor, Daur
M10a1a
M10a1a* – China, Saudi Arabia
M10a1a1
M10a1a1a – Mongolia,[77] Korea, Japan, China (Han from Kunming, etc.), Iron Age Black Sea Scythian[78]
M10a1a1b – Altai, Korea, Japan, China
M10a1a1b* – Chinese Uyghur
M10a1a1b1
M10a1a1b1* – Japan, China
M10a1a1b1a – China
M10a1a1b1b – China
M10a1a1b1c – Uyghur, Altai-Kizhi[77]
M10a1a1b2
M10a1a1b2* – Taiwan (Hakka)
M10a1a1b2a – Japan
M10a1a2 – Northern Thailand (Khon Mueang from Lamphun Province[58])
M10a1a3 – Taiwan
M10a1b
M10a1b* – South Korea, China (Han from Tai'an, etc.), India (Gallong,[66] etc.)
M10a1b1 – China (Makatao)
M10a1b2 – China (Tingri County)
M10a1c – China
M10a2 – Japan (Aichi), Kalmyk, Russian (northwestern Russia)
M10b – China (Shui[61]), Vietnam (Cờ Lao)[61]

[Huck Finn]

Mongols in China also have a minimum of 2.10% and a maximum of 2.17% of N-F4205, whose TMRCA is estimated to be 3120 ybp. N-F4205 also has been found frequently among present-day Buryats and among ancient Pannonian Avar specimens; however, its MRCA with the subclades of N-L1026 that are typically found among present-day Finnic peoples is significantly older (approx. 4960 ybp), and those other subclades of N-L1026 are essentially absent among Mongols in China.

The Finns, Nganasan, and Nenets all speak Uralic languages, yet Mongols in China seem to share a significant Y-DNA link with Nganasan and Nenets to the exclusion of the Finns.

Many Finns however descend from N-L1026 > N-Y6058 > ... just like N-F4205's, whereas anything based on N-P43 is practically absent in Finland. That being said, I wouldn't count too much on modern distributions because of bottle necks, i.e lineages just dying out.

[Newbie24]

Please, let me understand. Evens and Ulchi are related to Manchurians, who being Tungusic speakers are in turn related to Mongolians and Uyghurs (Transeurasian languages)?

[alchemist223]

One thing I've been thinking is: which ancient Northeastern Asian population is most closely related to Indigenous Americans and their ancestors? Although I know haplogroups are a very imperfect way to measure population affinities, I noticed that sample UKY001 from the Selenga Culture on the Russia-Mongolia border seems to be at least partially related to indigenous North Americans (with paternal haplogroup C-F3918 and maternal haplogroup C4*), as well as those from Devil's Gate Cave . The problem is, maternal haplogroups A and B, both of which are common in modern-day Indigenous Americans, seem to be lacking in ancient Northeast Asian samples (with the sole exception of Haplogroup B in sample AR33K). Additionally, maternal haplogroup G, which was found in sample AR19K from this paper as well as in contemporary Northeast Asian populations is entirely absent in New World populations.

Maybe those who are more well-versed in autosomal DNA than I am are better equipped to tackle the connection between East Eurasian and Indigenous American populations. Were some of the migrations to the Americas done by boat? I also feel that more East Asian ancient DNA, especially from prior to 10,000 years ago, will be crucial to answering some of my questions.

ADDED: Especially how Haplogroup X2, with an otherwise very West Eurasian distribution (such as myself) became part of the Indigenous North American population. That has been a major piece of "support" for the discredited Soultrean hypothesis.

Another thought I've had re: the peopling of the Americas, it seems that the affinities between Indigenous Americans and East Asians was much more female-skewed (based on maternal haplogroups A, B, C, and D), whereas the "ANE" part of Indigenous American ancestry was more male-skewed (judging from haplogroup Q). However, there are exceptions to this on both ends (maternal haplogroup X2 likely came from an ANE-like source, and paternal haplogroup C-M217 in Indigenous Americans likely came from East Asian-like ancestors).