Maternal haplogroup of ancient Xinjiang sample belonged to the "Iceland-specific” C1e

[Shuzam87]

It seems like that the maternal haplogroup of ancient Xinjiang sample SSG_M20 (4237-4087 BP) from Songshugou (SSG), Tacheng District belonged to the “Iceland-specific” lineage C1e https://www.yfull.com/mtree/C1e/ which is currently on C* Yfull Mtree https://www.yfull.com/mtree/C*/

73G 152C 247A 263G 310C 489C 534T 750G 1438G 2706G 3395G 3507T 3552A 4715G 4769G 7028T 7196A 7331T 8584A 8701G 8860G 9540C 9545G 10398G 10400T 10873C 11719A 11914A 12705T 13263G 13651G 13966G 14318C 14766T 14783C 15043A 15301A 15326G 15487T 15613G 16223T 16298C 16311C 16325C 16327T

[J1 DYS388=13]

KX146835.1 is from Northern India. http://www.ianlogan.co.uk/lists/odds5.htm

[Ebizur]

KX146835.1 is from Northern India. http://www.ianlogan.co.uk/lists/odds5.htm

KX146835.1 does not exhibit any of the mutations that mark mtDNA haplogroup C1e.

[Shuzam87]

There were also two Chinese samples from Li et al., 2019 with C1e mutations:

1. A76LA8R7IMRY Gansu C1e

73G 152C 247A 263G 291T 494T 750G 1438G 2706G 3395G 4715G 4736C 4769G 5894C 7028T 7331T 8584A 8701G 8702T 8860G 9540C 9545G 10398G 10400T 10873C 11719A 11914A 12705T 13263G 13651G 13966G 14318C 14766T 14783C 15043A 15301A 15326G 15613G 16223T 16298C 16300G 16311C 16327T

2. A76LA8QX23B0 Jilin C1e

73G 152C 243G 244G 245C 247A 263G 291T 750G 1438G 2706G 3395G 3495A 3593C 4696C 4703C 4711T 4712T 4715G 4736C 4769G 5237A 5892C 6179A 7028T 7193C 7211A 7331T 8577G 8582T 8584A 8701G 8704G 8860G 9540C 9545G 10398G 10400T 10873C 11719A 11914A 12705T 13260C 13263G 13651G 13966G 14315T 14318C 14319C 14325C 14338T 14766T 14783C 15040T 15043A 15301A 15326G 15613G 16223T 16298C 16299G 16300G 16311C 16312G 16318T 16324C 16325C 16327T 16328A

This could possibly be implied that C1e, like C1a and C1f, was not necessarily an “indigenous American lineage” spread to Iceland.

[J1 DYS388=13]

What do these samples have to do with Iceland?

[Shuzam87]

What do these samples have to do with Iceland?

"DNA studies reveal a C1e MTDNA lineage, indigenous to the Americas, found amongst 80 Icelanders that can be traced to four females born in Iceland during the 1700s. Did this C1e lineage arrive in Iceland around 1000 AD and is there a genetic link between the Mi’kmaq, the Beothuk and the Vikings who came to the Americas in 1000 AD from Iceland? Both Tribes may have interacted with the Vikings about 1000 years AD." https://turtleislandgenealogy.com/tu...-dna-projects/

See also at "A new subclade of mtDNA haplogroup C1 found in icelanders: Evidence of pre-columbian contact?" https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21419

Abstract

Although most mtDNA lineages observed in contemporary Icelanders can be traced to neighboring populations in the British Isles and Scandinavia, one may have a more distant origin. This lineage belongs to haplogroup C1, one of a handful that was involved in the settlement of the Americas around 14,000 years ago. Contrary to an initial assumption that this lineage was a recent arrival, preliminary genealogical analyses revealed that the C1 lineage was present in the Icelandic mtDNA pool at least 300 years ago. This raised the intriguing possibility that the Icelandic C1 lineage could be traced to Viking voyages to the Americas that commenced in the 10th century. In an attempt to shed further light on the entry date of the C1 lineage into the Icelandic mtDNA pool and its geographical origin, we used the deCODE Genetics genealogical database to identify additional matrilineal ancestors that carry the C1 lineage and then sequenced the complete mtDNA genome of 11 contemporary C1 carriers from four different matrilines. Our results indicate a latest possible arrival date in Iceland of just prior to 1700 and a likely arrival date centuries earlier. Most surprisingly, we demonstrate that the Icelandic C1 lineage does not belong to any of the four known Native American (C1b, C1c, and C1d) or Asian (C1a) subclades of haplogroup C1. Rather, it is presently the only known member of a new subclade, C1e. While a Native American origin seems most likely for C1e, an Asian or European origin cannot be ruled out.

[Jack Johnson]

"DNA studies reveal a C1e MTDNA lineage, indigenous to the Americas, found amongst 80 Icelanders that can be traced to four females born in Iceland during the 1700s. Did this C1e lineage arrive in Iceland around 1000 AD and is there a genetic link between the Mi’kmaq, the Beothuk and the Vikings who came to the Americas in 1000 AD from Iceland? Both Tribes may have interacted with the Vikings about 1000 years AD." https://turtleislandgenealogy.com/tu...-dna-projects/

See also at "A new subclade of mtDNA haplogroup C1 found in icelanders: Evidence of pre-columbian contact?" https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21419

Abstract

Although most mtDNA lineages observed in contemporary Icelanders can be traced to neighboring populations in the British Isles and Scandinavia, one may have a more distant origin. This lineage belongs to haplogroup C1, one of a handful that was involved in the settlement of the Americas around 14,000 years ago. Contrary to an initial assumption that this lineage was a recent arrival, preliminary genealogical analyses revealed that the C1 lineage was present in the Icelandic mtDNA pool at least 300 years ago. This raised the intriguing possibility that the Icelandic C1 lineage could be traced to Viking voyages to the Americas that commenced in the 10th century. In an attempt to shed further light on the entry date of the C1 lineage into the Icelandic mtDNA pool and its geographical origin, we used the deCODE Genetics genealogical database to identify additional matrilineal ancestors that carry the C1 lineage and then sequenced the complete mtDNA genome of 11 contemporary C1 carriers from four different matrilines. Our results indicate a latest possible arrival date in Iceland of just prior to 1700 and a likely arrival date centuries earlier. Most surprisingly, we demonstrate that the Icelandic C1 lineage does not belong to any of the four known Native American (C1b, C1c, and C1d) or Asian (C1a) subclades of haplogroup C1. Rather, it is presently the only known member of a new subclade, C1e. While a Native American origin seems most likely for C1e, an Asian or European origin cannot be ruled out.

I wonder what population first bore mtDNA C/Z? Is that PPNB sample with mtDNA C1 legitimate, or is it the byproduct of outdated testing methods? If it is legitimate, it could mean that CZ is derived from an IUP descended population, like Tianyuan. Or, it could have originated in some UP, Gravettian/Aurignacian-like population, for mtDNA M has been found in both, while mtDNA B/R/N is in Tianyuan/AR33K. C1f/g (C1e’s sibling) has been found in Karelia EHGs, which implies an ANE connection with Siberia and the Americas.

[alchemist223]

I wonder what population first bore mtDNA C/Z? Is that PPNB sample with mtDNA C1 legitimate, or is it the byproduct of outdated testing methods? If it is legitimate, it could mean that CZ is derived from an IUP descended population, like Tianyuan. Or, it could have originated in some UP, Gravettian/Aurignacian-like population, for mtDNA M has been found in both, while mtDNA B/R/N is in Tianyuan/AR33K. C1f/g (C1e’s sibling) has been found in Karelia EHGs, which implies an ANE connection with Siberia and the Americas.

To date, the oldest ancient DNA sample belonging to maternal haplogroup C is UKY001, which is 14,000 years old from the Selenga Terminal Paleolithic Culture. Specifically, UKY001 belongs to Haplogroup C4*. I heavily doubt that those from the PPNB culture actually carried maternal haplogroup C. Maybe they meant that the PPNB sample carried paternal haplogroup C1 (which in this case would most likely be subclade C-V20).

[Jack Johnson]

To date, the oldest ancient DNA sample belonging to maternal haplogroup C is UKY001, which is 14,000 years old from the Selenga Terminal Paleolithic Culture. Specifically, UKY001 belongs to Haplogroup C4*. I heavily doubt that those from the PPNB culture actually carried maternal haplogroup C. Maybe they meant that the PPNB sample carried paternal haplogroup C1 (which in this case would most likely be subclade C-V20).

I’m not so sure about that, the study in question is here: https://journals.plos.org/plosgeneti...l.pgen.1004401

They only tested for mtDNA; I believe mtDNA is easier to extract than Y-DNA. My only question would be the testing methods, and contamination, since the study is from 2014. They found L2a1 and L3 as well. UKY also has a decent amount of ANE admixture, so perhaps this is an IUP related component, or something related to the Kostenki/Gravettian/Aurignacian-like ancestry of ANE. If so, C’s appearance in the Levant during the Neolithic, is not too far fetched. I believe there are basal clades of Y-DNA D in Assyria/West Asia, so mtDNA C being there isn’t too shocking.

Edit: I must mention that the aforementioned study from 2014, used PCR methods, instead of shotgun or capture methods, making the study’s results somewhat questionable. The PCR method is susceptible to producing contaminated results, and it is no longer used in major ancient DNA studies.

[Shuzam87]

To date, the oldest ancient DNA sample belonging to maternal haplogroup C is UKY001, which is 14,000 years old from the Selenga Terminal Paleolithic Culture. Specifically, UKY001 belongs to Haplogroup C4*. I heavily doubt that those from the PPNB culture actually carried maternal haplogroup C. Maybe they meant that the PPNB sample carried paternal haplogroup C1 (which in this case would most likely be subclade C-V20).

Yeah, I think I mentioned it elsewhere that UKY001 was the earliest ancient DNA sample (Selenga Terminal Paleolithic culture ~13929 BP) found carrying maternal haplogroup C/C4. The paternal haplogroup of UKY001 was C-F3918* https://www.yfull.com/tree/C-F3918*/.