The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present

[Zelto]

This has to deserve its own thread; such a cool study with ancient DNA from so many famous archaeological sites (and the Kronan)!

The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present
Ricardo Rodríguez-Varela et al.

Summary
We investigate a 2,000-year genetic transect through Scandinavia spanning the Iron Age to the present, based on 48 new and 249 published ancient genomes and genotypes from 16,638 modern individuals. We find regional variation in the timing and magnitude of gene flow from three sources: the eastern Baltic, the British-Irish Isles, and southern Europe. British-Irish ancestry was widespread in Scandinavia from the Viking period, whereas eastern Baltic ancestry is more localized to Gotland and central Sweden. In some regions, a drop in current levels of external ancestry suggests that ancient immigrants contributed proportionately less to the modern Scandinavian gene pool than indicated by the ancestry of genomes from the Viking and Medieval periods. Finally, we show that a north-south genetic cline that characterizes modern Scandinavians is mainly due to the differential levels of Uralic ancestry and that this cline existed in the Viking Age and possibly earlier.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc...422014684#mmc1

Do not discuss on this thread

Exactly as I had hoped.

Besides the implications for the beginning of the Viking Age, the Salme burials also provide an aDNA snapshot of Svear elite from the Vendel Period. I really hope we get aDNA from the rich boat inhumations surrounding Gamala Uppsala soon.

[parastais]

Wow, Rurik's grandpa from 314 AD Gamla Uppsala: N1a1a1a1a1a1a7a
"a Varangian prince whose descendants ruled the state of Kievan Rus', and who shows a subclade of N1a1a1a1a1a1a7a-Y4339" <- this is what I got, when I googled what N1a1a1a1a1a1a7a means

[Zelto]

Wow, Rurik's grandpa from 314 AD Gamla Uppsala: N1a1a1a1a1a1a7a
"a Varangian prince whose descendants ruled the state of Kievan Rus', and who shows a subclade of N1a1a1a1a1a1a7a-Y4339" <- this is what I got, when I googled what N1a1a1a1a1a1a7a means

Yes and Fullerö is a really interesting site.

"The burial from Fullerö is a richly furnished inhumation male chamber burial radiocarbon dated to the late Roman Iron Age, 242–385 CE 95.4% probability (1732±29BP, Ua-53935). Although the grave had been opened and robbed, it was still remarkably richly furnished and unique.57,72 The chamber burial was placed in a mound belonging to the first generation of mounds that started to be erected in the early Roman Iron age in the region north of lake Mälaren.73 The burial chamber is the largest c. 10 m2 (NNE–SSW) of all known in the lake Mälar region and northern Sweden from CE 200–700.57 The human skeletal parts that remained were a collar and a rib bone with healed trauma belonging to a middle-aged large, muscular male,74,75 emphasising the impression that the grave was built for a trained male warrior. The gold finger rings, one of them the largest gold finger ring ever found in Sweden, were probably military honours; the chain mail, belt and the boar-like tusks, and canines from pigs, probably for a horse fitting, may indicate that the man had been in Roman service. In the grave was a worn gold coin used as a pendant, struck for the Roman emperor Maximian Hercules 291CE.76,77 Bones from a dog and a goshawk were found in the chamber, as well as a phalanx from a bear, suggesting that bear skin was placed with the deceased. The goshawk represents the earliest evidence of hunting with birds of prey in the region, a tradition that otherwise belongs to the 6th century.78,79 The numerous (more than 20) domestic species in the mound filling are interpreted as animals used for the burial feast.75,78

Samples: ful001 (XY) = indiv1 Fullerö"

[sheepslayer]

1-s2.0-S0092867422014684-figs3_lrg.jpg
Look at how uniform the "pre-Viking" Iron Age cluster is on the left PCA

[Huck Finn]

Wow, Rurik's grandpa from 314 AD Gamla Uppsala: N1a1a1a1a1a1a7a
"a Varangian prince whose descendants ruled the state of Kievan Rus', and who shows a subclade of N1a1a1a1a1a1a7a-Y4339" <- this is what I got, when I googled what N1a1a1a1a1a1a7a means

Pretty interesting burial indeed. Also the N-guy from Sala, buried next to Jarlabanke rune stones is interesting, but what was the reason for people in Sandby Borg, Öland to have such a N-biased population?

[VladimirTaraskin]

And this is CTS9976, do I understand correctly?
vls757 Valsta, Norrsunda 987 1185 H2a1_T146C N1a1a1a1a2a1a

[Huck Finn]

1-s2.0-S0092867422014684-figs3_lrg.jpg
Look at how uniform the "pre-Viking" Iron Age cluster is on the left PCA

Pre Viking age Central Sweden seem to be biased towards Finland, late Viking age somewhat less. Viking Age Gotland then is a case of it's own in terms of the Finnish bias, besides a Baltic one.

EDIT just noticed that my closest ancient match, Vepsian looking VK56, was found in Gotland.

[VladimirTaraskin]

Yes and Fullerö is a really interesting site.

"The burial from Fullerö is a richly furnished inhumation male chamber burial radiocarbon dated to the late Roman Iron Age, 242–385 CE 95.4% probability (1732±29BP, Ua-53935). Although the grave had been opened and robbed, it was still remarkably richly furnished and unique.57,72 The chamber burial was placed in a mound belonging to the first generation of mounds that started to be erected in the early Roman Iron age in the region north of lake Mälaren.73 The burial chamber is the largest c. 10 m2 (NNE–SSW) of all known in the lake Mälar region and northern Sweden from CE 200–700.57 The human skeletal parts that remained were a collar and a rib bone with healed trauma belonging to a middle-aged large, muscular male,74,75 emphasising the impression that the grave was built for a trained male warrior. The gold finger rings, one of them the largest gold finger ring ever found in Sweden, were probably military honours; the chain mail, belt and the boar-like tusks, and canines from pigs, probably for a horse fitting, may indicate that the man had been in Roman service. In the grave was a worn gold coin used as a pendant, struck for the Roman emperor Maximian Hercules 291CE.76,77 Bones from a dog and a goshawk were found in the chamber, as well as a phalanx from a bear, suggesting that bear skin was placed with the deceased. The goshawk represents the earliest evidence of hunting with birds of prey in the region, a tradition that otherwise belongs to the 6th century.78,79 The numerous (more than 20) domestic species in the mound filling are interpreted as animals used for the burial feast.75,78

Samples: ful001 (XY) = indiv1 Fullerö"

Another argument in favor of the migration of group N with Akozino-Melar axes

[parastais]

Fun stuff.
Back in my old days when I was pushing for Varangian or Vendel age founder effect for Baltic N (which is obviously wrong), I was making few predictions. No N in Lithuania samples before AD (still no N before AD found in Lithuania, but I think we gonna find some, since we got in 4th century AD, and I expect the owner of Vaškiai hoard to be N-L550, maybe pre L1025) and N in Gamla Uppsala earliest kings (because of Ynglings, who had some connection with Finland and because of N in modern Sweden around Malaren, which turned out correct).

Vaškai hoard:
https://e-journals.ku.lt/journal/AB/.../1356/file/pdf

[sheepslayer]

And this is CTS9976, do I understand correctly?
vls757 Valsta, Norrsunda 987 1185 H2a1_T146C N1a1a1a1a2a1a

N1a1a1a1a2a1a should be N-CTS3103>Z1936>CTS1223>CTS9925>CTS2733

N-CTS9976 is in N-CTS3103>Y6058