Korean Y-DNA

[Ebizur]

cf. Yali Xue, Tatiana Zerjal, Weidong Bao, Suling Zhu, Qunfang Shu, Jiujin Xu, Ruofu Du, Songbin Fu, Pu Li, Matthew E. Hurles, Huanming Yang, and Chris Tyler-Smith, "Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times." Genetics 172: 2431–2439 (April 2006). DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.054270

Korean (China; coordinates of 121.4 E 42.0 N point to a location in Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County, Fuxin, Liaoning)
2/25 = 8.0% BT-SRY10831.1(xC-M130, DE-YAP, J-12f2, K-M9)
3/25 = 12.0% C3-M217(xC3c-M48)
1/25 = 4.0% K-M9(xNO-M214, P-92R7)
1/25 = 4.0% N-LLY22g(xN1-M128, N2-P43, N3-Tat)
1/25 = 4.0% O2-P31(xO2a-M95, O2b-M176)
5/25 = 20.0% O2b-M176(xO2b1-47z)
2/25 = 8.0% O2b1-47z
6/25 = 24.0% O3*-M122(xLY1, M134)
4/25 = 16.0% O3e1-M117

Korean (Korea; coordinates of 127.0 E 37.5 N point to a location in Seoul, South Korea)
7/43 = 16.3% C3-M217(xC3c-M48)
1/43 = 2.3% DE-YAP(xE-SRY4064)
1/43 = 2.3% J-12f2
1/43 = 2.3% K-M9(xNO-M214, P-92R7)
1/43 = 2.3% NO-M214(xN-LLY22g, O-M175)
1/43 = 2.3% N-LLY22g(xN1-M128, N2-P43, N3-Tat)
1/43 = 2.3% O2-P31(xO2a-M95, O2b-M176)
6/43 = 14.0% O2b-M176(xO2b1-47z)
6/43 = 14.0% O2b1-47z
7/43 = 16.3% O3*-M122(xLY1, M134)
5/43 = 11.6% O3e-M134(xO3e1-M117)
5/43 = 11.6% O3e1-M117
1/43 = 2.3% P-92R7(xR1a-SRY10831.2)

[Ebizur]

Going back in time to the turn of the century:

cf. Bing Su, Junhua Xiao, Peter Underhill, Ranjan Deka, Weiling Zhang, Joshua Akey, Wei Huang, Di Shen, Daru Lu, Jingchun Luo, Jiayou Chu, Jiazhen Tan, Peidong Shen, Ron Davis, Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Ranajit Chakraborty, Momiao Xiong, Ruofu Du, Peter Oefner, Zhu Chen, and Li Jin, "Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age." Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65:1718–1724, 1999.

Korean (Su et al. 1999; judging from the placement of the number for Sample 5 "Korean" on the map in Figure 1, the sample most likely has been obtained from Chinese citizens of Chaoxianzu ethnicity living around the tripoint of Liaoning, Jilin, and Chaoxian [i.e. North Korea])
4/7 = 57.1% H5 = K-M9(xM1-M5, O1a-M119, O2a1-M95, O3-M122, P-M45) [These should belong to O1b2-M176, N-M231, or O1b1a2-CTS4040.]
3/7 = 42.9% H8 = O3a2c1-M134

------

cf. Wook Kim, Dong Jik Shin, Shinji Harihara, and Yung Jin Kim, "Y chromosomal DNA variation in East Asian populations and its potential for inferring the peopling of Korea." J Hum Genet (2000) 45:76-83.

"DNA samples were obtained from volunteers living in Korea: 412 Koreans..."

Koreans (Kim et al. 2000)
12/412 = 2.9% DE-YAP
120/412 = 29.1% O-M176 (SRY465 C -> T)
26/412 = 6.3% O-47z (DXYS5Y Y1 -> Y2)

Wook Kim's team's results for samples that they have purported to be of non-Korean ethnicity often have been quite odd, but their results for their ethnic Korean samples from South Korea are rather ordinary, so I suppose that their unusual results for their non-Korean samples most likely may be a result of their habit of obtaining samples "from volunteers living in [South] Korea" -- obviously, there is a fairly high likelihood that people who self-identify as e.g. Indonesian or Vietnamese and who are living in South Korea may in fact be children of Korean fathers and Indonesian or Vietnamese mothers.

[Ebizur]

cf. Wook Kim, Tag-Keun Yoo, Sung-Joo Kim, Dong-Jik Shin, Chris Tyler-Smith, Han-Jun Jin, Kyoung-Don Kwak, Eun-Tak Kim, and Yoon-Sun Bae, "Lack of Association between Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population." PLoS ONE 2(1): e172. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000172

Clinical samples collected in Seoul and Daejeon, South Korea ("We analyzed a total of 106 Korean prostate cancer patients, who were recruited for the study from the urology department of the Eulji University School of Medicine in Seoul and Daejeon, Korea. Histological classification of prostate cancer was determined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation and the Gleason pattern. Prostate cancer tissue specimens from all of the patients were collected from frozen samples. In addition, a total of 110 Korean men who had been diagnosed as free of prostate cancer by the Eulji University hospital in Seoul and Daejeon, Korea were recruited as normal controls. These subjects were selected at random (and therefore likely to be unrelated) from the same geographical area as the cases. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Eulji Medical Center of the Eulji University School of Medicine in Seoul, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. DNAs were prepared from the prostate cancer specimens of patients and whole blood samples of controls according to standard methods.")

Prostate cancer patients (Kim et al. 2007)
1/106 = 0.9% Y(xC-M130, DE-YAP, K-M9)
13/106 = 12.3% C-M130
3/106 = 2.8% K-M9(xNO-M214)
3/106 = 2.8% O-M175(xM119, P31, M122)
4/106 = 3.8% O1a-M119
1/106 = 0.9% O1b-P31(xM95, M176)
18/106 = 17.0% O1b2-M176(x47z)
11/106 = 10.4% O1b2-47z
12/106 = 11.3% O2-M122(xLINE1, M7, M134)
14/106 = 13.2% O2-LINE1
26/106 = 24.5% O2-M134

Normal control (Kim et al. 2007)
1/110 = 0.9% Y(xC-M130, DE-YAP, K-M9)
17/110 = 15.5% C-M130
2/110 = 1.8% K-M9(xNO-M214)
6/110 = 5.5% NO-M214(xO-M175)
3/110 = 2.7% O1a-M119
2/110 = 1.8% O1b-P31(xM95, M176)
19/110 = 17.3% O1b2-M176(x47z)
10/110 = 9.1% O1b2-47z
12/110 = 10.9% O2-M122(xLINE1, M7, M134)
10/110 = 9.1% O2-LINE1
28/110 = 25.5% O2-M134

[alienation]

I do not see any strong evidence of C2b lineages associated with Siberia migrating south into modern populations of Korea and Northern China. And it seems the frequencies of C2 are not so statistically different between the Korean Peninsula and North China

[Ebizur]

I do not see any strong evidence of C2b lineages associated with Siberia migrating south into modern populations of Korea and Northern China. And it seems the frequencies of C2 are not so statistically different between the Korean Peninsula and North China

I would make a partial exception for C-FGC28903 (1469 members, TMRCA 13090 ybp 23mofang) > C-Y10417 (1390 members, TMRCA 4770 ybp 23mofang). C-FGC28903 is a sister clade of American C-P39 under C-Y10418 (TMRCA 13540 ybp 23mofang). The C-Y10417 > C-F3830 (1092 members, TMRCA 3860 ybp 23mofang) subclade appears to have been common among the historical Xianbei, and I think the presence of C-Y10417 in northern China, where it has been found in 1.07% (963/90061) of tested present-day males according to Table S8 of Li Yuchun et al. 2023 ("Mitogenome evidence shows two radiation events and dispersals of matrilineal ancestry from northern coastal China to the Americas and Japan," Cell Rep. 2023 May 9. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112413), should very likely be attributable to southward migration of people from some northern region, perhaps the upper Amur basin. However, while C-FGC28903 is slightly more closely related to American C-P39 than to other subclades of C-L1373, C-FGC28903 seems to exist in the present day mostly in Mongolia and northern China, without much presence in Siberia.

Overall, however, most members of haplogroup C-M217 in both China and Korea belong to C-F978 (TMRCA 10430 ybp 23mofang) rather than to C-L1373 (TMRCA 16830 ybp 23mofang), and, at least in Korea, even most of the few members of C-L1373 belong to rare basal branches, such as C-Y165510, C-ACT1984, and C-Y176542, that have not been found widely among present-day "Altaic" peoples. (To be fair, some of these rare basal branches also have been found among present-day Manchus, but present-day Manchus appear to be mostly genetically identical with northern Han, though with a slight excess of affinity for Koreans plus a slight excess of affinity for Mongols. Since none of these rare basal branches has shared a common ancestor with any of the "Altaic" branches for at least the past 14,000 years, there is no reason to assume that these rare basal branches should have been brought to Manchuria by "Altaic" people rather than being descendants of Koreans, Nivkhs, or members of some extinct ethnolinguistic group.)

I would say that northern China does seem to have been affected to a detectable degree by migrations of "Altaic" peoples, but these migrations do not seem to have been large enough to significantly alter the Y-DNA pool of the northern (Han) Chinese (though another person's opinion of what degree of foreign influence should be judged to be significant may vary), whereas migrations of "Altaic" peoples do not seem to have affected the Y-DNA of Korea to any detectable extent.

[Ebizur]

cf. Han Jun Jin and Wook Kim (2003), "Genetic Relationship Between Korean and Mongolian Populations Based on the Y Chromosome DNA Variation." Korean J Biol Sci 7: 139-144.

Korean ("DNA samples were obtained from volunteers living in Korea (south Korea, n = 156)...")
1/156 = 0.6% Y*
24/156 = 15.4% C-M130
3/156 = 1.9% DE-YAP
10/156 = 6.4% K-M9(xO-M175)
68/156 = 43.6% O-M175(xLINE1, M176)
19/156 = 12.2% O-LINE1
22/156 = 14.1% O-M176(x47z)
9/156 = 5.8% O-47z

cf. Table S3 ("Y-haplogroup distribution in East Asian populations") of Han-Jun Jin, Chris Tyler-Smith, and Wook Kim, "The Peopling of Korea Revealed by Analyses of Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosomal Markers." PLoS ONE 4(1):
e4210. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004210

Korean
1/154 = 0.6% Y*(xC-M130, DE-YAP, K-M9)
23/154 = 14.9% C-M130
3/154 = 1.9% DE-YAP
1/154 = 0.6% K-M9(xNO-M214)
10/154 = 6.5% NO-M214(xO-M175)
6/154 = 3.9% O-M175(xO1a-M119, O2-P31, O3-M122)
6/154 = 3.9% O1a-M119
8/154 = 5.2% O2-P31(xO2a1-M95, O2b-M176)

22/154 = 14.3% O2b-M176(xO2b1-47z)
9/154 = 5.8% O2b1-47z
31/154 = 20.1% O2b-M176 total

45/154 = 29.2% O3-M122
20/154 = 13.0% O3-M122(+LINE)
65/154 = 42.2% O3 total

In the case of this sample of volunteers living in South Korea, Wook Kim's team's results even for a sample of people who must have been assumed to be ethnic Koreans are quite far from normal, with an extremely small proportion (only about 20%) of haplogroup O1b2-M176.

[Ebizur]

cf. Soon-Hee Kim, Ki-Cheol Kim, Dong-Jik Shin, Han-Jun Jin, Kyoung-Don Kwak, Myun-Soo Han, Joon-Myong Song, Won Kim, and Wook Kim, "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea." Investigative Genetics 2011, 2:10.
http://www.investigativegenetics.com/content/2/1/10

Korean/Seoul-Gyeonggi
1/110 = 0.9% C*-M130(xC1-M105, C2-M38, C3-M217) [NEVGEN produces the following predictions for this individual's haplotype: Probability of unsupported subclade 77.32%, C2 M217> F1067 19.85% (Fitness 26.48, Fitness 2 0.58), G2a2a PF3147>> L91 2.6% (Fitness 25.99, Fitness 2 0.64), I2a1a Sardinian M26 0.22% (Fitness 21.05, Fitness 2 0.46).]
14/110 = 12.7% C3-M217
1/110 = 0.9% D2-M55
1/110 = 0.9% L-M20 [NEVGEN predicts this individual's haplotype to belong to L1c M357 with 100% probability (Fitness 35.61, Fitness 2 0.68).]
2/110 = 1.8% N-M231
1/110 = 0.9% O1a-M119

23/110 = 20.9% O2b-M176(x47z) [22 different 17-locus Y-STR haplotypes]
8/110 = 7.3% O2b1-47z [8 different haplotypes]
31/110 = 28.2% O2b-M176 total

1/110 = 0.9% O3*-M122(xO3a-M324)
19/110 = 17.3% O3a*-M324(xO3a3-P201, O3a4-JST002611) [19 different haplotypes]
36/110 = 32.7% O3a3-P201 [35 different haplotypes]
56/110 = 50.9% O3-M122 total

3/110 = 2.7% Q-M242 [3 different haplotypes]

Korean/Jeju
1/87 = 1.1% C1-M105 [NEVGEN produces the following predictions for this individual's haplotype: Probability of unsupported subclade 99.99%, O1b1 F2320 0.01% (Fitness 15.37, Fitness 2 0.38).]
6/87 = 6.9% C3-M217 [6 different haplotypes]
1/87 = 1.1% D2-M55
6/87 = 6.9% N-M231 [3 different haplotypes]
5/87 = 5.7% O1a-M119 [5 different haplotypes]

20/87 = 23.0% O2b-M176(x47z) [17 different haplotypes]
8/87 = 9.2% O2b1-47z [8 different haplotypes]
28/87 = 32.2% O2b-M176 total

1/87 = 1.1% O3*-M122(xO3a-M324)
5/87 = 5.7% O3a*-M324(xO3a3-P201, O3a4-JST002611) [5 different haplotypes]
32/87 = 36.8% O3a3-P201 [30 different haplotypes]
38/87 = 43.7% O3-M122 total

1/87 = 1.1% Q-M242
1/87 = 1.1% R-M207 [NEVGEN produces the following predictions for this individual's haplotype: R1b M73 >> L1433 95.88% (Fitness 40.49, Fitness 2 0.62), R1b M73 0.03% (Fitness 27.31, Fitness 2 0.56), Unsupported subclade 4.08%.]

Korean/Gyeongsang
14/84 = 16.7% C3-M217
2/84 = 2.4% D2-M55
1/84 = 1.2% L-M20 [NEVGEN predicts this individual's haplotype to belong to L1a M27 with 100% probability (Fitness 36.78, Fitness 2 0.79).]
4/84 = 4.8% N-M231
2/84 = 2.4% O1a-M119 [2 different haplotypes]
3/84 = 3.6% O2*-P31(xO2b-M176) [3 different haplotypes]

15/84 = 17.9% O2b-M176(x47z) [15 different haplotypes]
10/84 = 11.9% O2b1-47z [10 different haplotypes]
25/84 = 29.8% O2b-M176 total

19/84 = 22.6% O3a*-M324(xO3a3-P201, O3a4-JST002611) [19 different haplotypes]
12/84 = 14.3% O3a3-P201 [12 different haplotypes]
31/84 = 36.9% O3-M122 total

1/84 = 1.2% Q-M242
1/84 = 1.2% R-M207 [NEVGEN predicts this individual's haplotype to belong to haplogroup R1a M198 with 100% probability (Fitness 40.17, Fitness 2 0.86).]

Korean/Chungcheong
8/72 = 11.1% C3-M217
1/72 = 1.4% D2-M55
3/72 = 4.2% N-M231
1/72 = 1.4% O1a-M119

15/72 = 20.8% O2b-M176(x47z) [15 different haplotypes]
7/72 = 9.7% O2b1-47z [7 different haplotypes]
22/72 = 30.6% O2b-M176 total

11/72 = 15.3% O3a*-M324(xO3a3-P201, O3a4-JST002611) [11 different haplotypes]
25/72 = 34.7% O3a3-P201 [24 different haplotypes]
36/72 = 50.0% O3-M122 total

1/72 = 1.4% Q-M242

Korean/Gangwon
8/63 = 12.7% C3-M217
4/63 = 6.3% N-M231
1/63 = 1.6% O1a-M119

20/63 = 31.7% O2b-M176(x47z) [19 different haplotypes]
5/63 = 7.9% O2b1-47z [5 different haplotypes]
25/63 = 39.7% O2b-M176 total

8/63 = 12.7% O3a*-M324(xO3a3-P201, O3a4-JST002611) [8 different haplotypes]
16/63 = 25.4% O3a3-P201 [16 different haplotypes]
24/63 = 38.1% O3-M122 total

1/63 = 1.6% Q-M242

Korean/Jeolla
12/90 = 13.3% C3-M217
3/90 = 3.3% D2-M55
1/90 = 1.1% L-M20 [NEVGEN produces the following predictions for this individual's haplotype: L1b M317> SK1412> SK1414 84.11% (Fitness 29.57, Fitness 2 0.63), L1b M317> SK1412> PH3524 0.8% (Fitness 22.81, Fitness 2 0.41), probability of unsupported subclade 15.04%.]
4/90 = 4.4% N-M231
1/90 = 1.1% O1a-M119
2/90 = 2.2% O2*-P31(xO2b-M176) [2 different haplotypes]

21/90 = 23.3% O2b-M176(x47z) [20 different haplotypes]
7/90 = 7.8% O2b1-47z [7 different haplotypes]
28/90 = 31.1% O2b-M176 total

14/90 = 15.6% O3a*-M324(xO3a3-P201, O3a4-JST002611) [14 different haplotypes]
25/90 = 27.8% O3a3-P201 [24 different haplotypes]
39/90 = 43.3% O3-M122 total

Korean total
1/506 = 0.2% C*-M130(xC1-M105, C2-M38, C3-M217)
1/506 = 0.2% C1-M105
62/506 = 12.3% C3-M217
8/506 = 1.6% D2-M55
3/506 = 0.6% L-M20
23/506 = 4.5% N-M231
11/506 = 2.2% O1a-M119
5/506 = 1.0% O2*-P31(xO2b-M176)
114/506 = 22.5% O2b-M176(xO2b1-47z)
45/506 = 8.9% O2b1-47z
2/506 = 0.4% O3*-M122(xO3a-M324)
76/506 = 15.0% O3a*-M324(xO3a3-P201, O3a4-JST002611)
146/506 = 28.9% O3a3-P201
7/506 = 1.4% Q-M242
2/506 = 0.4% R-M207

Kim et al. (2011) appear to have made some sort of error when testing the IMS-JST002611 SNP. Other than that, their results seem quite normal. It is commendable that they have taken samples from every one of the traditional regions of South Korea and also clearly indicated which sampled individual is from which region.

I was a bit surprised to find that every one of the members of Y-DNA haplogroup L and Y-DNA haplogroup R in this South Korean sample set appears to belong to a different subclade judging from NEVGEN's predictions.

[Ebizur]

cf. Ai Hua Zhang, Hye Young Lee, Seung Bum Seo, Hyo Jung Lee, Hong Xuan Jin, So Hee Cho, Sung Hee Lyoo, Ki Ha Kim, Jae Won Lee, and Soong Deok Lee, "Y Haplogroup Distribution in Korean and Other Populations." Korean Journal of Legal Medicine 2012; 36(1): 34-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7580/KoreanJLegMed.2012.36.1.34

"Acknowledgments
We are grateful to National Biobank of Korea for providing DNA samples."

Korean Y-DNA
8/100 = 8.0% C3-M217
2/100 = 2.0% D2-M55
2/100 = 2.0% NO-M214(xO-M175)

24/100 = 24.0% O-M175(xM119, M176, M95, M7, M134)
6/100 = 6.0% O1-M119
39/100 = 39.0% O2b-M176
4/100 = 4.0% O3a3c-M134(xM117)
13/100 = 13.0% O3a3c1-M117
1/100 = 1.0% O3a3b-M7
87/100 = 87.0% O total

1/100 = 1.0% Q1a1-M120

------

cf. Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Na Young Kim, Eun Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Y-SNP miniplexes for East Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroup determination in degraded DNA." Forensic Science International: Genetics 7 (2013) 75–81.

"DNA samples from 300 unrelated Korean males were obtained from the National Biobank of Korea."

Korean Y-DNA
3/300 = 1.00% DE-M145

2/300 = 0.67% C-M130(xM217)
48/300 = 16.00% C3-M217(xM48, M407, P53.1)
2/300 = 0.67% C3d-M407
50/300 = 16.67% C3-M217 total
52/300 = 17.33% C-M130 total

5/300 = 1.67% K-M9(xNO-M214)

5/300 = 1.67% NO-M214(xO-M175)

8/300 = 2.67% O1a-M119

5/300 = 1.67% O2-P31(xM95, M176)
88/300 = 29.33% O2b-M176(x47z)
25/300 = 8.33% O2b1-47z
113/300 = 37.67% O2b-M176 total
118/300 = 39.33% O2-P31 total

2/300 = 0.67% O3-M122(xM324)
27/300 = 9.00% O3a-M324(xP201)
23/300 = 7.67% O3a3-P201(xM159, M7, M134)
1/300 = 0.33% O3a3b-M7
23/300 = 7.67% O3a3c-M134(xM133)
33/300 = 11.00% O3a3c1-M133
56/300 = 18.67% O3a3c-M134 total
109/300 = 36.33% O3-M122 total

A few comments about these samples obtained from the National Biobank of Korea:

(1) The proportion of O1b2-M176 is very high in both the subset examined by Ai Hua Zhang et al. 2012 (39/100 = 39.0%) and the subset examined by Myung Jin Park et al. 2013 (113/300 = 37.67%).

(2) The proportion of C2-M217 is low in the subset examined by Ai Hua Zhang et al. 2012 (8/100 = 8.0%), but high in the subset examined by Myung Jin Park et al. 2013 (50/300 = 16.67%).

(3) The proportion of O1a-M119 is high in the subset examined by Ai Hua Zhang et al. 2012 (6/100 = 6.0%), but normal in the subset examined by Myung Jin Park et al. 2013 (8/300 = 2.67%).

[Ebizur]

cf. Electronic Supplementary Material 3 of Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea—relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses." International Journal of Legal Medicine volume 126, pages 589–599 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9

Korean sampled in Seoul (Park et al. 2012)
13/573 = 2.3% D-M174
76/573 = 13.3% C-RPS4Y711
1/573 = 0.2% J1-M267 (Based on this individual's 22-locus Y-STR haplotype, NEVGEN has predicted: J1a2a1a2 P58 18.74% [Fitness 21.37, Fitness 2 0.43], J1b F4306>> F3249 0.42% [Fitness 20.82, Fitness 2 0.44], J1a2 > ZS6599 0.12% [Fitness 21.16, Fitness 2 0.39], probability of unsupported subclade 80.71%. It seems likely to belong to some rare subclade of Y-DNA haplogroup J1-M267.)
12/573 = 2.1% Q-M242
1/573 = 0.2% R-M207 (This individual's 22-locus Y-STR haplotype has been predicted by NEVGEN to belong to haplogroup R1a M198 with 100% probability [Fitness 42.08, Fitness 2 0.9].)
23/573 = 4.0% N-M231

1/573 = 0.2% O1a-M119(xO1a1-P203, O1a2-M110)
16/573 = 2.8% O1a1-P203
17/573 = 3.0% O-M119 total

7/573 = 1.2% O2-P31(xO2a1-M95, O2b-M176)

125/573 = 21.8% O2b-M176(xO2b1a-47z)
56/573 = 9.8% O2b1a-47z
181/573 = 31.6% O-M176 total

2/573 = 0.3% O3-M122(xO3a-M324)
10/573 = 1.7% O3a1-KL2(xO3a1c-JST002611)
61/573 = 10.6% O3a1c-JST002611
36/573 = 6.3% O3a2-P201(xO3a2a-M159, O3a2b-M7, O3a2c-P164)
1/573 = 0.2% O3a2b-M7
8/573 = 1.4% O3a2c-P164(xO3a2c1-M134)
54/573 = 9.4% O3a2c1-M134(xO3a2c1a-M117)
6/573 = 1.0% O3a2c1a-M117(xM133)
64/573 = 11.2% O3a2c1a-M133
70/573 = 12.2% O-M117 total
242/573 = 42.2% O-M122 total

Korean sampled in Daejeon (Park et al. 2012)
5/133 = 3.8% D-M174
15/133 = 11.3% C-RPS4Y711
1/133 = 0.8% Q-M242
4/133 = 3.0% N-M231

2/133 = 1.5% O1a-M119(xO1a1-P203, O1a2-M110)
3/133 = 2.3% O1a1-P203
5/133 = 3.8% O-M119 total

3/133 = 2.3% O2-P31(xO2a1-M95, O2b-M176)

30/133 = 22.6% O2b-M176(xO2b1a-47z)
15/133 = 11.3% O2b1a-47z
45/133 = 33.8% O-M176 total

1/133 = 0.8% O3a1-KL2(xO3a1c-JST002611)
11/133 = 8.3% O3a1c-JST002611
6/133 = 4.5% O3a2-P201(xO3a2a-M159, O3a2b-M7, O3a2c-P164)
2/133 = 1.5% O3a2b-M7
1/133 = 0.8% O3a2c-P164(xO3a2c1-M134)
14/133 = 10.5% O3a2c1-M134(xO3a2c1a-M117)
2/133 = 1.5% O3a2c1a-M117(xM133)
18/133 = 13.5% O3a2c1a-M133
20/133 = 15.0% O-M117 total
55/133 = 41.4% O-M122 total

------

cf. So Yeun Kwon, Hwan Young Lee, Eun Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Confirmation of Y haplogroup tree topologies with newly suggested Y-SNPs for the C2, O2b and O3a subhaplogroups." Forensic Science International: Genetics 19 (2015) 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.06.003

Korean sampled in Seoul and Daejeon (So Yeun Kwon et al. 2015, cf. Fig. 1 "Phylogenetic distribution of Y-SNPs in 706 Korean male samples.")
18/706 = 2.55% D-M174
2/706 = 0.28% C-M130(xM217)

5/706 = 0.71% C-L1373

50/706 = 7.08% C-CTS2657
17/706 = 2.41% C-Z8440
17/706 = 2.41% C-F845
84/706 = 11.90% C-Z1338/C-JST002613-27 total
89/706 = 12.61% C-M217 total

1/706 = 0.14% F-M89(xK-M9) (This individual is the J1-M267 individual from Seoul.)
14/706 = 1.98% K-M9(xNO) (Twelve of these are Q-M242 from Seoul, one is Q-M242 from Daejeon, and one is R-M207 [almost certainly R1a judging from his haplotype] from Seoul.)
27/706 = 3.82% N-M231
22/706 = 3.12% O1a-M119
10/706 = 1.42% O2-P31(xPK4, M176)

7/706 = 0.99% O2b-M176(xF3356)
14/706 = 1.98% O2b1-F3356(x47z, L682)
71/706 = 10.06% O2b1a-47z
134/706 = 18.98% O2b1b-L682
226/706 = 32.01% O-M176 total

2/706 = 0.28% O3-M122(xM324)
11/706 = 1.56% O3a1-KL2(xJST002611)
8/706 = 1.13% O3a1c-JST002611(xF11, F238/F449)
56/706 = 7.93% O3a1c1-F11
8/706 = 1.13% O3a1c2-F238/F449
45/706 = 6.37% O3a2-P201(xP164)
9/706 = 1.27% O3a2c-P164(xM134)
90/706 = 12.75% O3a2c1a-M117
68/706 = 9.63% O3a2c1c-F444
297/706 = 42.07% O-M122 total

With reference to Table S3, one can determine precisely which individual in the sample set of Kwon et al. 2015 corresponds to which individual in the sample set of Park et al. 2012 and separate the samples into those which have been collected in Seoul and those which have been collected in Daejeon:

Seoul, Korea
(1/573 = 0.17% C-M130(xM217))

5/573 = 0.87% C2b-L1373
41/573 = 7.16% C2e1a-CTS2657
16/573 = 2.79% C2e1b-Z8440
13/573 = 2.27% C2e2-F845
75/573 = 13.09% C2-M217 total

6/573 = 1.05% O2b*-M176
10/573 = 1.75% O2b1*-F3356
56/573 = 9.77% O2b1a-47z
109/573 = 19.02% O2b1b-L682
181/573 = 31.59% O2b-M176 total

7/573 = 1.22% O3a1c*-JST002611
48/573 = 8.38% O3a1c1-F11
6/573 = 1.05% O3a1c2-F238
61/573 = 10.65% O3a1c-JST002611 total

70/573 = 12.22% O3a2c1a-M117
54/573 = 9.42% O3a2c1c-F444

Daejeon, Korea
(1/133 = 0.75% C-M130(xM217))

9/133 = 6.77% C2e1a-CTS2657
1/133 = 0.75% C2e1b-Z8440
4/133 = 3.01% C2e2-F845
14/133 = 10.53% C2e-Z1338/C-JST002613-27 total

1/133 = 0.75% O2b*-M176
4/133 = 3.01% O2b1*-F3356
15/133 = 11.28% O2b1a-47z
25/133 = 18.80% O2b1b-L682
45/133 = 33.83% O2b-M176 total

1/133 = 0.75% O3a1c*-JST002611
8/133 = 6.02% O3a1c1-F11
2/133 = 1.50% O3a1c2-F238
11/133 = 8.27% O3a1c-JST002611 total

20/133 = 15.04% O3a2c1a-M117
14/133 = 10.53% O3a2c1c-F444

The most salient difference between the sample from Seoul and the sample from Daejeon seems to be found within haplogroup C2-M217. The typically Chinese C2e1b-Z8440 (i.e. C-K700 -- the royal family i.e. Sima clan of Jin [晋]? Confucius? Shang Dynasty? -- should account for approximately 3.16% or 3.17% of all males in present-day China according to 23mofang) has been found in 2.79% (16/573) of the sample from Seoul but only 0.75% (1/133) of the sample from Daejeon.

------

cf. Myung Jin Park's doctoral dissertation submitted to the Department of Medical Science, the Graduate School of Yonsei University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Medical Science ("Understanding the Y chromosome variation by haplogroup and haplotype analyses in a Korean population," December 2012)

In his doctoral dissertation, Myung Jin Park has presented a data table for the n=300 sample obtained from the National Biobank of Korea (cf. my previous post in this thread) combined with the aforementioned n=573 sample from Seoul and n=133 sample from Daejeon for a total sample size of n=1006.

Park 2012 doctoral dissertation (cf. Figure 18: "Phylogenetic tree of the 35 Y-chromosomal binary polymorphisms analyzed
in 1006 Korean males")
21/1006 = 2.09% D-M174

4/1006 = 0.40% C-M130(xM217)
135/1006 = 13.42% C3-M217(xM48, M407, P53.1)
4/1006 = 0.40% C3d-M407
139/1006 = 13.82% C3-M217 total

1/1006 = 0.10% J1-M267
18/1006 = 1.79% Q-M242
1/1006 = 0.10% R-M207
32/1006 = 3.18% N-M231

3/1006 = 0.30% O1a-M119(xP203, M110)
27/1006 = 2.68% O1a1-P203
30/1006 = 2.98% O1a-M119 total

15/1006 = 1.49% O2-P31(xPK4, M176)

243/1006 = 24.16% O2b-M176(x47z)
96/1006 = 9.54% O2b1-47z
339/1006 = 33.70% O2b-M176 total

4/1006 = 0.40% O3-M122(xM324)
11/1006 = 1.09% O3a1-KL2(xJST002611)
99/1006 = 9.84% O3a1c-JST002611
60/1006 = 5.96% O3a2-P201(xM159, M7, P164)
4/1006 = 0.40% O3a2b-M7
14/1006 = 1.39% O3a2c-P164(xM134)
90/1006 = 8.95% O3a2c1-M134(xM117, P101)
124/1006 = 12.33% O3a2c1a-M117(xM162)
406/1006 = 40.36% O3-M122 total

These data allow one to refine the haplogroup assignments of the n=300 sample from the National Biobank of Korea as follows:

"DNA samples from 300 unrelated Korean males were obtained from the National Biobank of Korea."

Korean Y-DNA
3/300 = 1.00% D-M174

2/300 = 0.67% C-M130(xM217)
48/300 = 16.00% C3-M217(xM48, M407, P53.1)
2/300 = 0.67% C3d-M407
50/300 = 16.67% C3-M217 total
52/300 = 17.33% C-M130 total

5/300 = 1.67% Q-M242

5/300 = 1.67% N-M231

8/300 = 2.67% O1a1-P203

5/300 = 1.67% O2-P31(xPK4, M176)
88/300 = 29.33% O2b-M176(x47z)
25/300 = 8.33% O2b1-47z
113/300 = 37.67% O2b-M176 total
118/300 = 39.33% O2-P31 total

2/300 = 0.67% O3-M122(xM324)
27/300 = 9.00% O3a1c-JST002611
1/300 = 0.33% O3a3b-M7
18/300 = 6.00% O3a3-P201(xM159, M7, P164)
5/300 = 1.67% O3a3-P164(xM134)
22/300 = 7.33% O3a3c-M134(xM117, P101)
1/300 = 0.33% O3a3c1-M117(xM133)
33/300 = 11.00% O3a3c1-M133
56/300 = 18.67% O3a3c-M134 total
109/300 = 36.33% O3-M122 total

Furthermore, one can infer that all five members of C-L1373 in the n=573 sample from Seoul must belong to C-L1373(xM48), and one can infer that two of the fifty members of C-CTS2657 in the n=706 sample from Seoul & Daejeon must belong to C-M407 (i.e. 2/706 = 0.28% C-M407, 48/706 = 6.80% C-CTS2657(xM407)).

[Ebizur]

Also of note from Myung Jin Park's doctoral dissertation (2012) is the finding that twelve of nineteen O1a1-P203 samples from the n=706 sample from Seoul & Daejeon share a TT partial repeat insertion in the second TTTC track at DYS449. There is also a Japanese haplotype that exhibits the same insertion and appears to have a haplotype that is overall rather similar to the Korean cluster that is marked by this mutation.

I suspect that this insertion found by Myung Jin Park should have occurred in the O-P203 (TMRCA 9660 ybp 23mofang) > O-CTS8423 (TMRCA 9130 ybp 23mofang) > O-CTS52 (TMRCA 6560 ybp 23mofang) > O-Y89818 (TMRCA 6300 ybp 23mofang) lineage.

O-Y89818 (1214 members at 23mofang) is perfectly divided into O-BY47757 (133 members, TMRCA 3520 ybp 23mofang) and O-FGC66104 (1081 members, TMRCA 5100 ybp 23mofang).

In regard to O-BY47757, 23mofang has stated, "O-BY47757 is a branch of O-CTS52 that currently accounts for about 0.13% of the male population in China and has a certain distribution in Gansu, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Jiangsu and other places in the north and south." O-BY47757 also appears to have many Korean members; I expect that it should turn out to be more common in present-day Korea than it is in present-day China.

In regard to O-FGC66104, 23mofang has stated, "O-FGC66104 is a clade under O-CTS52 that currently accounts for about 0.49% of the male population in China, most of whom are from the downstream Zhejiang-Jiangxi Xu [徐氏] family (O-FGC66079)." 833 of 23mofang's 1081 members of O-FGC66104 have been placed under the O-FGC66104 > O-FGC66058 (873 members, TMRCA 4660 ybp) > O-FGC66056 (855 members, TMRCA 3630 ybp) > O-FGC66079 (833 members, TMRCA 2170 ybp) subclade, which is estimated to account for the Y-DNA of approximately 0.38% of all present-day males in China, with a distribution concentrated in Zhejiang [1.76% of all males from Zhejiang], Jiangxi [1.02%], Hubei [0.95%], Chongqing [0.70%], Yunnan [0.61%], Anhui [0.60%], Guizhou [0.59%], and Shanghai [0.46%] and with approximately 15.19% of all members bearing the surname Xu [徐]. There are several members of O-FGC66104(xFGC66058) from Japan.

To summarize,

O-Y89818 (TMRCA 6300 ybp) [The TT insertion in the second TTTC track at DYS449 may have occurred in an early member of O-Y89818.]
*O-BY47757 (TMRCA 3520 ybp) [Seems to be found most often among Koreans.]
*O-FGC66104 (TMRCA 5100 ybp)
**O-FGC66104* [Has some presence in Japan.]
**O-FGC66058 (TMRCA 4660 ybp)
***O-FGC66056 (TMRCA 3630 ybp)
****O-FGC66079 (TMRCA 2170 ybp) [Fairly common in southwestern Zhejiang and northeastern Jiangxi.]

O1a-M119 is not very common in Korea (approx. 3% of all males) or Japan (approx. 1% of all males), so there does not seem to have been much attention paid to the precise phylogenetic placement of Korean and Japanese members of this clade. However, it is already clear that most O1a-M119 among Koreans and Japanese cannot reflect wholesale migration from southern China during the historical era, and it must instead have either introgressed into Korea and into Japan separately via (rather small-scale) founder effects or else have roots in some obscure northeastward migration(s) at some time(s) between roughly the fourth millennium and the second millennium BCE.