Does anyone know whether this sample was directly dated and independently verified? There is inconsistency within the published version of the paper itself:
I6561 5960
4045-3974 calBCE (5215±20BP, PSUAMS-2832) Alexandria 49.71 37.58 M H2a1a R1a1a1
I4110 5456 3634-3377 calBCE (4725±25 BP, UCIAMS-186349) Dereivka 48.91 33.76 F J2b1 ..
I5882 5047 3264-2929 calBCE (4420±20BP, PSUAMS-2826) Dereivka 48.91 33.76 F U5a2a ..
I5884 4743 2890-2696 calBCE (4195±20BP, PSUAMS-2828) Dereivka 48.91 33.76 M U5a2b R1b1a1a2a2
"Preceding the Yamnaya culture, four Copper Age individuals (I4110, I5882, I5884 and I6561; Ukraine_Eneolithic)
from Dereivka and Alexandria dated to ~3600-3400 BCE have ancestry that is a mixture of hunter-gatherer-, steppe- and NW Anatolian Neolithic-related"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6091220/
See also:
Iain Mathieson, the first author: "I don't know how you would do it formally, but certainly if the ancestry is an outlier, it probably makes it more likely that the date is wrong ... But, as far as LP is concerned, someone has to be the earliest, so I don't know that a single locus is strong evidence. Genome-wide ancestry a different story."
Also: "While this article was in press, we identified genetically that that I1732 is likely the mother of I1378, although we note that
the radiocarbon dates for these samples are inconsistent with this identification. We therefore retained I1378 in the analysis, even though it is likely a first-degree relative."
Then we have that Dereivka episode, where Anthony had to retract his paper:
https://erenow.net/ancient/the-horse...anguage/10.php
"In 1964 Dimitri Telegin discovered the head-and-hoof bones of a seven- to eight-year-old stallion buried together with the remains of two dogs at Dereivka in Ukraine, apparently a cultic deposit of some kind (see figure 11.9). The Dereivka settlement contained three excavated structures of the Sredni Stog culture and the bones of a great many horses, 63% of the bones found.
Ten radiocarbon dates placed the Sredni Stog settlement about 4200–3700 BCE, after the Dnieper-Donets II and Early Khvalynsk era. V. I. Bibikova, the chief paleozoologist at the Kiev Institute of Archaeology, declared the stallion a domesticated horse in 1967. The respected Hungarian zoologist and head of the Hungarian Institute of Archaeology, Sandor Bökönyi, agreed, noting the great variabity in the leg dimensions of the Dereivka horses. The German zoologist G. Nobis also agreed. During the late 1960s and 1970s horse domestication at Dereivka was widely accepted.21
For Marija Gimbutas of UCLA, the domesticated horses at Dereivka were part of the evidence which proved that horse-riding, Indo-European–speaking “Kurgan-culture” pastoralists had migrated in several waves out of the steppes between 4200 and 3200 BCE, destroying the world of egalitarian peace and beauty that she imagined for the Eneolithic cultures of Old Europe. But the idea of Indo-European migrations sweeping westward out of the steppes was not accepted by most Western archaeologists, who were increasingly suspicious of any migration-based explanation for culture change ...
Telegin first sent us a bone sample from the same excavation square and level as the stallion. It yielded a date between 90 BCE and 70 BCE (OxA 6577), our first indication of a problem. He obtained another anomalous radiocarbon date, ca. 3000 BCE, on a piece of bone that, like our first sample, seems not to have been from the stallion itself (Ki 5488).
Finally, he sent us one of the bit-worn P2s from the cult stallion. The Oxford radiocarbon laboratory obtained a date of 410–200 BCE from this tooth (OxA 7185). Simultaneously the Kiev radiocarbon laboratory obtained a date of 790–520 BCE on a piece of bone from the skull (Ki 6962). Together these two samples suggest a date between 800 and 200 BCE.
The stallion-and-dog deposit at Dereivka was of the Scythian era. No wonder it had metal bit wear—so did many other Scythian horse teeth.
It had been placed in a pit dug into the Eneolithic settlement between 800 and 200 BCE. The archaeologists who excavated this part of the site in 1964 did not see the intrusive pit.
In 2000, nine years after our initial publication in Antiquity, we published another Antiquity article retracting the early date for bit wear at Dereivka."
Originally Posted by Ryukendo
The samples from South Asia will span the mesolithic to the metal ages, so we will see if the CHG+EHG signal is native to the region or not from the Mesolithic and Neolithic samples. If the Indian situation is like Europe, which was pure WHG, SHG and EEF until the CW and BB invasions brought with them fully fledged pastoralism and single burial, implying co-transmission of cultural and presumably linguistic traits with the transplantation of whole social groups, then India was probably also subject to IE-isation from external movement into a preceding autosomal and cultural background highly distinct from those found today in the same geographic regions.
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